解读新提案 ACP-77，如何解锁 Avalanche L1？

链捕手Publicado em 2024-08-23Última atualização em 2024-08-23

原标题：《Research Unlock: Unlocking Avalanche Layer 1s with ACP-77》

作者：Eden Au, The Block

编译：Felix, PANews

要点：

ACP-77 是一项社区提案，将改变 Avalanche L1（以前称为子网）的验证者动态。
Avalanche L1 验证者不再需要验证主网络并质押至少 2,000 AVAX。相反，他们将遵循主权 Avalanche L1 规定的要求。
Avalanche L1 验证者将支付持续的动态费用来在 P-Chain 上注册信息。
该提案使机构和散户 Avalanche L1 均受益，因为可以实现监管合规性和验证者的低准入门槛。

Avalanche 长期以来一直是使用「子网」进行横向扩展的支持者，现在这些子网被重新命名为 Avalanche Layer 1（L1）。Avalanche L1 是主权的、通常是特定于应用程序的区块链，可以进行个性化定制以满足不同用例的特定需求。

这种基础设施吸引了许多加密原生客户和机构客户使用 Avalanche L1 托管自己的 Web3 平台，包括日本游戏巨头 Konami 的 NFT 平台和 Intain 的安全代币化平台。

多年来，Avalanche L1 经历了多次升级，以增强其功能。例如，Banff 升级通过 Avalanche Warp Messaging（AWM）实现了跨子网通信。同时，Evergreen 为企业推出隐私保护和符合法规的许可型 Avalanche L1 提供了一个框架。

尽管如此，现有的 Avalanche L1 验证要求准入门槛依然很高。当前的 Avalanche L1 验证器需要同时验证 Avalanche 的主网络，包括合约链（C-Chain）、平台链（P-Chain）和交易链（X-Chain）。

作为参考，主网络验证者必须分配至少 8 个 AWS vCPU、16 GB RAM 和 1 TB 存储空间用于网络验证。他们还需要最低质押 2,000 AVAX。

在网络成立之初，这一质押要求并不高。然而，由于多年来代币的升值，在之前市场的顶峰时期达到了 25 万美元以上，如今相当于 4.1 万美元。这种高昂的总体运营成本阻碍了 Avalanche L1 验证者集的去中心化，从长远来看，可能会妨碍 Avalanche 生态系统的可靠性和采用。

质押 AVAX 的成本（以美元计）

ACP-77

ACP-77 是一项社区提案，它将彻底改革 Avalanche L1s 的创建和管理设计，为 Avalanche L1 验证者带来更多灵活性和自主性。

主权

根据提案，Avalanche L1 验证者将不再需要同时验证主网络。他们只需与 P-Chain 同步，P-Chain 跟踪他们自己的 Avalanche L1 验证者集的变化并通过 AWM 处理跨 L1 通信。这一变化大大降低了参与 Avalanche L1 验证的运营和质押成本。

这种分离还将允许受监管实体仅验证其许可的 Avalanche L1s，因为他们现在可以选择不验证无需许可的主网络，该网络可能包含从他们的角度来看具有潜在高风险或不合规的交易。

此外，Avalanche L1 可以制定并实施自己的验证规则和质押要求，而 P-Chain 将不再支持 Avalanche L1 的质押奖励分配。换句话说，Avalanche L1 的主权从 P-Chain 回归到 L1 本身这是实现多个主权区块链同时运行的水平扩展的一个里程碑。

动态费用

另一方面，该提案将 P-Chain 的费用机制从固定的每笔交易费用转变为更符合用户付费原则的动态费用。这一变化旨在确保在取消上述 2,000 AVAX 质押要求后网络的长期经济可持续性。

新的动态费用机制涉及 Avalanche L1 验证者基于几个因素（例如在 P-Chain 上注册的 Avalanche L1 验证者的总数）持续付款。费用将根据网络利用率进行调整。当 Avalanche L1 验证者总数超过目标利用率时，费用会增加，反之亦然。

其基本原理是，每个额外的 Avalanche L1 验证者都会向 P-Chain 增加负载。P-Chain 负责将 Avalanche L1 验证者的属性存储在内存中，例如 IP 地址、BLS 密钥等。

实际上，Avalanche L1 验证者的 P-Chain 上的余额会不断耗尽，需要定期补充才能维持不间断的运行。这种方法通过减少前期质押和硬件成本降低了进入门槛，同时确保了对网络经济可持续性的持续贡献。

总结

简而言之，ACP-77 旨在重新设计 Avalanche L1s 和主网络之间的关系。特别是，Avalanche L1s 将获得更大的灵活性和主权，因为 Avalanche L1 验证者不再需要遵守对主网络验证者施加的严格要求，例如最低质押要求为 2,000 AVAX，大大降低了 Avalanche L1 验证者的运营成本。

Avalanche L1 验证者将向 P-Chain 支付动态费用，以持续存储验证者用于通信目的的重要元数据。这确保主网络因其为每个 Avalanche L1 验证者、Avalanche L1 和跨 L1 通信提供的关键工作而获得公平的补偿。

该提案将使机构 L1 更容易实现监管合规，而以散户为中心的 L1 可以从更去中心化的验证者集中受益。些优势将促进一个更庞大、更多样化的 Avalanche 生态系统，并扩大区块链生态系统的规模。

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