美联储褐皮书:未来6个月经济增长将放缓

币界网Publicado em 2024-07-18Última atualização em 2024-07-18

币界网报道:

来源:美联储动态

美联储褐皮书显示,美国经济在进入第三季度前小幅增长,多个地区报告活动持平或下降。

周三的报告显示,美国就业仅略有增长。劳动力流动率下降,一些地区的联系人预计企业在招聘上将更加挑剔,并非所有空缺职位都会补员。

最新版的褐皮书由里士满联储编制,使用的信息收集于7月8日或之前。该报告包含了对美联储12家地区联储的商业状况的叙述和评论。

在这些地区中,5个地区指出经济活动持平或下降,比前一期增加了3个。展望未来,企业预计经济放缓将持续下去。

报告称:“由于对即将到来的选举、国内政策、地缘政治冲突和通胀的不确定性,预期未来6个月经济增长将放缓。

大多数地区的工资在适度增长,而物价总体温和上涨。消费者支出几乎没有变化。

报告称,几乎每个地区“都提到了零售商打折销售商品,或是对价格敏感的消费者只购买必需品,降低品质要求,购买更少的商品,或者货比三家以获得最优惠的价格。”

地区亮点包括:

- 波士顿:办公室地产的前景进一步减弱,联系人预计未来12个月内止赎率将大幅上升。

- 纽约:托儿服务成本和供给情况促使该地区部分工人放弃工作机会,留在家中照顾孩子。

- 克利夫兰:一家大型零售商报告称,低收入消费者已经放弃了他们的商店,转而青睐价格更低的零售商。

- 里士满:持续较高的工资增长率继续给利润率带来压力。

- 亚特兰大:不断上升的税收、房主保险和业主协会费用成为越来越令人担忧的问题,尤其是对于固定收入的家庭。

- 芝加哥:尽管利率高企,许多联系人表示他们正在推进资本支出项目。他们表示,高于年初预期的利率不太可能影响他们的决策。

- 圣路易斯:一家宠物用品零售商指出,尽管商品价格下降,制造商仍继续提高价格,但速度放缓。

- 堪萨斯城:在住房成本方面,在过去几个月里,受新建住房供应大幅增长的推动,所有主要城区的租金增长都趋于稳定。

- 旧金山:据报道,成本(尤其是租金)上升带来的经济压力,导致家庭成员同住,个人则寻找室友来分担房租。

美联储主席鲍威尔和其他官员最近几周表示,美联储在将通胀降至2%目标方面取得了一些进展,但他们对降息的时间含糊其辞。

美联储理事沃勒周三表示:“虽然我不认为我们已经实现最终目标,但我确实相信,我们越来越接近有理由下调政策利率的时刻。”

虽然失业率仍保持在4.1%的相对较低水平,但过去三个月失业率连续走高,这比2023年3.4%的低点有所上升。劳动力市场疲软的迹象加剧了对其可能在美联储政策压力下受挫的担忧。

与此同时,在经历了2024年前三个月的意外飙升后,第二季度通胀保持温和。所谓的核心消费者价格指数(不包括食品和能源成本)6月份环比增速仅为0.1%,这是自2021年以来最小的月度涨幅。

美联储官员表示,近期劳动力市场的缓和意味着他们将对充分就业和物价稳定两方面的担忧保持警惕。

市场普遍预计美联储将在7月按兵不动,如果预期成真,这将意味着当前利率水平维持了一年。根据期货市场,投资者押注美联储在2024年底前至少会有两次降息,最早可能从9月开始。

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