虚拟人技术对儿童的认知和行为有哪些影响?

元宇宙之道Publicado em 2022-05-23Última atualização em 2022-05-23

Resumo

近几年随着元宇宙的火热,虚拟人似乎正在成为元宇宙的一项重要基础建设。

近几年随着元宇宙的火热,虚拟人似乎正在成为元宇宙的一项重要基础建设。近日,清华大学张虹博士与其研究团队进行了一项关于虚拟人技术对儿童认知与行为的研究,结果表明:虚拟人可以明显地改变儿童在现实世界的认知与行为。该研究让15名儿童(被试)通过VR与虚拟人进行“仿现实”交互,经过30天的“相处”,分别从包容度、沟通度与合作度三个维度对被试进行了评测,结果发现被试的心理认知和行为发生了明显改变。

认知测评
一、虚拟人影响儿童认知和行为的可能原因
从此次研究监测到的数据曲线来看,被试在包容度、沟通度、合作度三种认知与行为测评值受虚拟人的干预而逐渐递增。这说明儿童在与虚拟人互动过程中,其认知与行为逐渐获得了积极的现实映射。研究人员认为原因可能是虚拟环境让儿童能够更加集中注意力,从而让干预被接受程度更高,当然也还可能因为虚拟环境创造了更美好的交互方式,比如经过TTS合成的萌宠声音听起来十分具有唤醒孩子的分享认知。

行为评测
二、虚拟人改变儿童的认知与行为是双向的
本次研究中,虚拟人是通过一个真人“操控者”,外加上特定语音合成与动作捕捉技术,实现了一个实时互动的二次元虚拟人,该虚拟人在实验过程中与儿童完成多种心理引导任务。“虚拟人与儿童的引导任务都是具有唤醒儿童积极认知的设计,这些积极能量通过虚拟人在儿童身上获得现实映射。”张虹博士谈到。

“随着AI技术的发展与成熟,虚拟人会越来越具有情感价值,它或许可以如真人一样与人类发生情感交互,实现对真人认知与行为的影响,这种影响是双向性。本次研究的虚拟人帮助孩子获得了健康的心理成长,但如果负面干预的虚拟人,也可能带给孩子负面成长。我们的任务是要探索虚拟人影响真人的更多细节因素和表现,从而帮助元宇宙获得更健康的基础建设”。
三、下一步是对成人影响研究
张虹博士谈到:从心理学的角度来看,儿童在认知方面的改变比较快,其生理与心理发育具有很强的可塑性,对未知科技产生的反应更敏锐。几乎所有新科技诞生都需要优先关注儿童健康,因此将儿童作为了此次研究对象。当然对成人的影响影响也在下一步计划中。

引导下的儿童正与虚拟人互动
四、对虚拟人是否能取代真人的看法
从研究结果看,虚拟人具有较高的情感开发价值的。但目前研究只是针对儿童在缺乏现实关系的情况下,利用虚拟人关系来进行弥补现实关系的可能性。随着元宇宙基础建设的逐渐成熟,未来虚拟人有可能会伴随真人形成第二种附属关系。但是研究人员认为虚拟人只能为现实世界的真人服务,不存在取代的说法。

五、虚拟人的更多应用可能与风险规避
研究人员认为:此次研究虽然只是虚拟人对儿童认知与行为的影响,但虚拟人或许还可以拓展应用到其它场景,如帮助老人唤醒记忆,帮助原生家庭孩子治愈心理创伤,帮助自闭症儿童,甚至帮助抑郁患者走出困境。事实上我们可以想象到真人可以具备的情感价值,虚拟人几乎都可以做到甚至做的更好。“虽然此次研究还只是虚拟人应用的初级探索阶段,但似乎已经让我们看到虚拟人的潜力。”

关于虚拟人的风险规避,这也是此次研究的探索问题之一。负面干预的虚拟人同样具有危险,如暴力、赌博等文化通过虚拟人的渗透,可能对真人产生更严重的负面影响。目前已知虚拟人可能存在被过渡依赖的风险。作为元宇宙的重要基础建设之一,研究人员呼吁行业提前思考规避风险的办法,同时虚拟身份的合法性也应该受到相关部门关注。

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