「轻」L2,「重」L1?如何看待Vitalik观点反转

Odaily星球日报Publicado em 2024-02-23Última atualização em 2024-02-23

Resumo

近些年Vitalik 为了保持以太坊链的纯粹性,一直支持为Layer2赋予更多复杂功能。这一坚持了五年之久的理念,今天却动摇了。

一直以来,Vitalik 致力于鼓励以太坊 L2 发展,过去一年多 L2 也得到了快速快速扩张。根据 defillama 数据显示,目前全网各链 TVL 排名中以太坊主网占据 60% ,而 L2 Arbitrum、Polygon、Optimism 分别占比 3.94% 、 1.27% 和 1.15% ,TVL 排名前十中 Layer 2 链就已占据三席。

「轻」L2,「重」L1?如何看待Vitalik观点反转

今年 StarkNet 推出空投、Blast 上线主网等备受期待的事件更是将市场对于 Layer 2 的关注推至前所未有高点。以 StarkNet、Arbitrum、Optimism 和 Scroll 组成的 ZK-EVM rollup 生态系统为代表发展迅速,在提高区块链安全性,提高交易速度方面取得了长足进步。而近些年,Vitalik 为了保持以太坊链的纯粹性,一直支持为 Layer 2 赋予更多复杂功能。

这一坚持了五年之久的理念,今天却动摇了。

2 月 22 日,以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 在回复用户推文时表示,「老实说,与五年前相比,我对「简化 L1,哪怕牺牲是以(建设)更复杂的 L2 为代价」这个理念的信心也降低了 3 倍。挑战在于,当可以在 L1 bug 风险和 L2 bug 风险之间进行权衡时,实际上并不清楚是不是后者更好!」他进一步解释,「如果 L1 出现问题,开发人员只需要一天即可恢复;而如果 L2 出现问题,可能会造成用户的大量资产损失。因此,值得为 L1 添加一些复杂功能,以减少 L2 的代码负担,并使 L2 变得相对简单。」

「轻」L2,「重」L1?如何看待Vitalik观点反转

正当 Layer 2 发展看起来蓬勃有劲的时候,Vitalik 为何突发如此感慨?此前大力支持 Layer 2 发展的他怎么突然观点反转?真的是因为安全性问题才引发了这样的感慨吗和变化,还是另有原因?对此律动 BlockBeats 整理了一些行业 KOL/Builder 对于以太坊 Layer 2 发展的观点如下:

陈剑 Jason(独立研究员) 

X:@jason_chen 998 

就在去年 5 月 Vitalik 刚写下文章《保持链的极简主义,不要让以太坊的共识过载》后,今天 Vitalik 则又表达值得给以太坊添加非常复杂的功能来减少 Layer 2 的负担,到底是什么促使 Vitalik 在这一年里思路产生转换?我想一个很重要的原因是模块化对以太坊体系的冲击。

其实也正是因为以太坊想做底层链的战略给了模块化发展空间,某种程度可以说是自己培养了自己的潜在竞争对手,在去年的文章中我也曾写到以太坊美好的终局是成为一条不再直接与用户接触、只做共识与 DA 这样核心价值业务的底层链,而将上层的复杂业务,想办法怎么 Mass Adoption 的这些「破事」则交给 Layer 2 们去做,就像是央行和地方银行的关系,央行只做监管和调控,拉存款开网点的事地方银行去搞。

但一旦央行对地方银行管控力度弱怎么办?一旦地方银行不再正常与央行进行汇报结算,甚至发行自己的地方货币怎么办?

所以以太坊某种程度自己「拆分」了自己,而这个拆分的过程,也相当于主动模块化的过程,将自己的能力进行了解耦给了第三方模块化的发展机会,按照公链层级从上到下分为执行层、结算层、DA 层、共识层,前三层都有了对应的 Fuel、DYM、TIA,一层层的「蚕食」了以太坊。

第三方模块化的业务竞争力在于多快好省,所以以太坊必须要加速自我做出改变,包括坎昆升级降低 Layer 2 的 DA 费用这些「实在的」,以及正统性之名这些「虚的」,还有 Vitalik 今天说的可以让以太坊变得更复杂一些从而让 Layer 2 们简单这种「思想指导方针」上的。

无论如何,以太坊最核心的价值安全性是无以比拟的,包括之后的大阪升级要进行的无状态客户端将再次提升以太坊安全性,这将是以太坊最核心的竞争力,共识层是无法被模块化的,随着坎昆升级降低 Layer 2 们 10 倍以上 Gas 费加强 DA 层竞争力,以太坊正在一层层向上「收归领土」

Qi Zhou(EthStorage&QuarkChain 的创始人)

X:@qc_qizhou

所谓的 ZKEVM 是否可以缓解 L2 的安全风险?如果由 Layer 1 或 Layer 2 ZKeVM 共享的电路出现 Bug,并且由此而攻击 L2,则 L1 也会受到影响,因此 L1 修复程序(也许是 RE-ORG)可以立即介入以修复它。

Mindao(Dforce 创始人)

X:@mindaoyang

以太坊 L2 都在重新定义 L1;比特币 L2 都在重新定义 L2。L2 的模块化、并行 EVM、经济安全输出(再质押)都是抢新公链饭碗和叙事,L2 升级成新 L1。比特币和以太坊则成为真正的 Layer 0 。

26 x 14-Merlin(7 updao 联创)

X:@ 26 x 14 eth

V 神又开始作妖了。它这样一搞 evm 会变得更加脆弱,给了 Sol、Sui 更多的机会。

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