模块化区块链能否成为下一个牛市故事,它们有何特殊之处?

DeFi之道Published on 2022-12-15Last updated on 2022-12-15

Abstract

模块化区块链提供了优于单一设计的优势,例如提高可扩展性以解决区块链三难困境。

模块化区块链提供了优于单一设计的优势,例如提高可扩展性以解决区块链三难困境。

模块化区块链可能是开启全新加密世界的关键。这是下一次牛市的一个不断增长的故事。

是什么让模块化区块链与众不同,为什么要关注它们?

比特币和以太坊是单体区块链。

在单体区块链中,单层处理所有三个核心功能:

• 共识:确保就区块链的当前状态达成一致。

• 数据可用性:交易数据

• 执行:交易处理

单体区块链的问题是节点需要同时执行所有 3 个动作。 这不是一件容易的事。

它导致了区块链三难困境。例如,以太坊 L1 牺牲了可扩展性以实现去中心化。

这导致高昂的 gas 费和缓慢的交易。

这就是模块化区块链的用武之地。

模块化区块链只关注少数功能,并将其余功能卸载到单独的层。

它允许更好地专业化和优化特定任务。

模块化区块链由多层组成,每一层都有自己的专门功能。例如,一层可以处理执行,而另一层处理数据可用性,第三层处理共识。

例如,Rollups 通过将多笔交易捆绑到一笔交易中来处理事务执行。然后将数据发布到达成共识的第 1 层。

这就是 Optimistic rollups (Optimism/Arbitrum) 或 zkRollups (zkSync/Starkware) 的工作原理。

为了进一步提高可扩展性和最大化数据可用性,以太坊将采用分片设计。

简而言之:分片可以并行处理交易或充当不同区块链数据块的存储「仓库」。

这允许节点仅存储在其分片链上发布的数据,从而降低存储要求并提高性能。

这是一个复杂的话题,但这篇博文是一个好的入门:

由于 rollup 和分片,以太坊正在成为一个模块化的区块链。

分片正在分阶段开发——下一次升级 EIP-4844 将于 2023 年中期推出。

它将 L2 rollup 的成本降低 10-100 倍!

BitDAO 宣布了另一种模块化设计

BitDAO 将推出具有三层的「模块化以太坊第 2 层」:

• 一层用于交易执行

• 另一层用于交易的最终性

• 第三是数据可用性

Gas 费用将以 $BIT 支付

此外,模块化区块链允许轻松启动新的区块链,因为它们可以利用现有的模块化区块链来实现其卸载的功能。这减少了部署时间并最大限度地降低了成本。

Cosmos SDK 已经允许简单部署特定于应用程序的区块链。

然而,这些 Cosmos Hub (dApps) 没有共享安全性——但这将随着 Atom 2.0 和 Interchain Security 的推出而改变!

另一个例子是 Celestia。Celestia 自称是「第一个模块化区块链网络」。

它专注于共识和数据可用性,将执行卸载到单独的链上。它甚至没有智能合约。

Celestia 的「愿景是将 Cosmos 的主权互操作区与具有共享安全性的以 rollup 为中心的以太坊结合起来」。

在实践中,这意味着应用程序 / 链可以使用自己的治理规则快速启动,同时共享安全保证。

总的来说,模块化区块链提供了优于单一设计的优势,例如提高可扩展性以解决区块链三难困境。

Delphi Digital 称之为范式转变:「我们预计他们的网络效应在未来几年将变得越来越明显。」

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