马斯克上任 Twitter CEO「三板斧」:干掉高管、罢免董事会、研究大裁员、全员加班开发「认证费」

华尔街见闻Опубліковано о 2022-11-02Востаннє оновлено о 2022-11-02

Анотація

马斯克上任首周就大刀阔斧改革 Twitter,收购不是心血来潮,而是筹划已久。

马斯克与 Twitter 之间的纠葛起于一个「荒唐」的开始,3 月份他在 Twitter 上发出的「Twitter 是否消亡了?」的「灵魂一问」,引发外界的收购猜测。随后在半年内又上演一系列「反转」,先是马斯克高调宣布收购却又单方面提出「分手快乐」,Twitter 大怒与之对薄公堂,后来马斯克看似「被迫」完成收购。

然而,从马斯克当上 Twitter CEO 近一周内的连番操作来看,所谓的荒唐和反转都只是马斯克想要大刀阔斧改革 Twitter 之前的「障眼法」。

马斯克才不是心血来潮,而是筹划已久。因此他才会着急在上任首周,就对 Twitter 抡起「三板斧」:干掉高管、罢免董事会、研究大裁员、全员加班开发「认证费」。而如今我们看到的这一切,有可能仅仅只是开始。

但问题也来了,即便是一位在科技领域出类拔萃的领导者,就能管理好一家与自身领域风马牛不相及的社交媒体公司吗?马斯克高喊出的「言论自由」口号,是否会直接摧毁 Twitter 的品牌形象,将已经忧心忡忡的广告「金主」推得更远?

第一招:干掉高管,开掉 CEO、CFO

当地时间 10 月 27 日,在 Twitter 开启「马斯克时代」仅仅数分钟之后,多名 Twitter 高管被直接解雇。

首席执行官 Parag Agrawal、首席财务官 Ned Segal、总法律顾问 Sean Edgett 赫然在列。值得注意的是,其中还包括法律政策、信托和安全部门负责人 Vijaya Gadde,而这位就是此前决定封禁特朗普账号的公司高管。

据悉,这些高管并不是像影视剧里呈现的那样,在用纸箱收拾完个人物品后体面地、一步三回头地离开公司大楼,而是「被匆匆赶出大楼」。

CNBC 记者的 David Faber 称,前 CEOParag Agrawal 和首席财务官 Ned Segal 已离开 Twitter 旧金山总部,并且不会再回到公司。

第二招:瞄准董事会,留住一人即可

那就是马斯克本人。

当地时间 10 月 31 日,所有其他九名董事会成员依据协议条款被罢免,马斯克成为唯一「幸存者」。

但是「一人」董事会终究不是长久之计,哪些人都够填补空缺也成为外界关注重点。

从首富手下其他公司来看,「自己人」大概率才是董事会的重要组成人员,比如特斯拉的董事会成员就包括他亲弟 Kimbal Musk。

而如果按照这个逻辑,那么马斯克的死党、去年被逼出走的 Twitter 创始人 Jack Dorsey 说不定也能高调回归。如今 Dorsey 已经是 Twitter 最大股东之一,持有的 1804.24 万股普通股总价值近 10 亿美元,而且他已经将所有股份都合并至马斯克用于收购 Twitter 的控股公司 X Holdings。

第三招:研究大裁员,只要不到 75% 就行

马斯克的「暴力裁员」传闻一举「吓崩」了 7500 名 Twitter 员工,毕竟面对高达 75% 的裁员比例,谁又能说自己一定是那个幸运儿。

马斯克似乎也觉得自己说得太过,所以在入主 Twitter 后紧忙安慰员工道,没有那么多!

但是不裁那么多又不代表不裁员,70% 也比 75% 少不是吗?

在知情人士随后再度透露出马斯克还是要大规模裁员的消息后,一时间人心惶惶。有媒体报道称,25% 的 Twitter 员工将在本周被解雇。

现在有两种说法,一个是马斯克要求 Twitter 的经理和顾问来做「恶人」,让他们来选择哪些员工应该走人,而另一个是马斯克自己「冲锋陷阵」,要想干脆开掉哪些反对他当 CEO 的员工。

并且和被裁掉的高管待遇不同,前文提到的首席执行官 Parag Agrawal、首席财务官 Ned Segal 和法律政策、信托和安全部门负责人 Vijaya Gadde 就算被「匆匆赶出大楼」,也是一起带着 2 亿美元赔偿金走的,而普通员工如果在 11 月 1 日之前被裁掉,就会「完美错过」此前约定好的 Twitter 薪酬计划的兑现日期,什么也拿不到。

目前特斯拉旗下 50 多名员工已经在 Twitter 工作,马斯克要求他们尽快熟悉工作,包括源代码、内容审核、数据隐私等众多方面,以便他对平台进行重新设计。

当然 Twitter 员工也可以选择不成为被挑选的对象,在被开掉之前,他们可能就会「整顿职场」,率先开掉首富。

自从马斯克在今年 1 月宣布打算收购 Twitter 以来,已经有超过 1100 名员工离职,其中近三分之一去了谷歌或 Meta。

谷歌 /Meta 同在丛中笑:请继续。

第四招也是最新一招:全员全天候待命 开发「认证费」

Twitter 90% 收入来自广告的现状可能在一定程度上令首富感到「不满」,所以他才会在此前表示,在他的计划里,Twitter 的广告收入占比要下降至 45% 左右。

当时他除了提及付费内容外,并未详细透露新增收入的来源。而现在来看,用户账号「蓝 V 认证费」可能就是他想出来的新招。

所谓的蓝 V 认证,形式类似于新浪微博的大 V 认证。能够获得认证的用户,一般是名人、政治家、记者等公众人物,或是品牌和企业,他们的账户会带有「蓝 V」标记以此来表明这是一个真实账户,目前此类账户数量达到数十万之多。

而在此基础之上,Twitter 于去年 6 月推出的「推特蓝」(Twitter Blue)服务,订阅该服务的用户可以获得额外的高级功能及个性化体验,但这项服务此前并非和「蓝 V」强制绑定,每月收费是 4.99 美元。

但是如今,马斯克则计划把「蓝 V」和「推特蓝」强行绑定,要求所有的 Twitter 认证用户必须订阅该服务,并且收费标准提高至每月 19.99 美元。从最新消息来看,已经获得认证的用户还有 90 天思考时间,要么选择缴费每月 20 美元保住认证,要么失去自己的「蓝 V」标记,沦为大众。

有多少用户在意这个「蓝 V」treasure?

为了将此项计划坚定推行下去,所有参与项目的人员都已经被要求「24/7」待命,并且他们已经在 10 月 31 日被通知,如果在 11 月 7 日之前不能让该功能如期上限,那么所有人都会被开掉。

可现在的问题是,先且不说 Twitter 工作人员能否按期完成项目,即便顺利上线,又有多少人愿意买账呢?

根据马斯克的顾问 Jason Calacanis 进行的一项 Twitter 调查显示,在 120 多万的受访者中,超过 80% 的人表示不会为用户认证付费,11% 的人表示愿意每月支付 5 美元,仅有 5.5% 的人表示能够每月支付 15 美元,但这也没有达到马斯克的「标准」。

或许会有人说通过贸然提高认证费来「创收」看起来并不是很明智的举动,每年愿意支付 240 美元仅为保住认证的用户可能只是少之又少,但殊不知这是马斯克在高喊出「言论自由」后所作出的「妥协」呢?如果不对用户账号本身做出一定限制,绝对的言论自由是广告商们无法承受的。

言论自由诚可贵 广告「金主」价更高?

「言论自由」这个要点从一开始就在马斯克收购 Twitter 的交易中占据关键位置。

毕竟马斯克自己就是其中的最大受益人。从特斯拉新车交付到「猎鹰 9 号」火箭上天,从展示宏伟的登陆火星计划到怂恿大家「炒币」,从与华尔街基金经理的唇枪舌剑到与普通网民的随机互动,Twitter 见证了马斯克勇夺最强公关经理的成长轨迹。

然而当马斯克强调要在 Twitter 格外放大言论自由,并着重提及要取消内容审核时,一旁的吃瓜群众有点笑不出来了,尤其是广告商们。

他们担心,一旦放大言论自由限制,或将造成 Twitter 自此之后成为极端主义者的大本营,充斥着不良信息,Twitter 多年来塑造的品牌形象也会因此荡然无存,这对于广告商们来说是绝无法接受的。

本周一,全球负责任媒体联盟(GARM)——由全球广告商联盟成立的行业营销组织——警告马斯克,Twitter 平台上必须不能出现不当内容,这一点「没有商量余地」。

GARM 表示:

平台应该对所有人都是安全的,并且要适合广告商......对于广告商来说,这是没有商量余地的——我们希望 Twitter 能够信守承诺。

目前已经有广告商采取行动。特斯拉的竞争对手——美国通用汽车公司此前表示,考虑到需要了解 Twitter 在新东家领导下的发展方向,公司将「临时性暂停」在推特上投放付费广告。

广告商的强烈反应也能解释,为何马斯克上任后的第一件事,就是在 Twitter 上发布了一封《致推特广告主》的公开信,没有什么比稳定住他们更为重要。

总结来说就是,马斯克希望能给广告主吃一颗「定心丸」。

他在信中表达了自己收购 Twitter 的动机,是希望 Twitter 能够成为更开放公平的社交媒体平台,而不是分裂成不同阵营,并且用户能够做出自由的选择。

更为重要的是,他希望广告能够以合适的方式来呈现,从而成为能为用户提供产品和服务的「内容」,进而为品牌提供增长。

马斯克的意图也颇为明显,他力求在言论自由和风险控制之间达到平衡,他此前也曾强调称 Twitter 显然不能成为一个「自由放纵的地狱」。

眼下支持者高声支持将马斯克捧上神坛,然而批评者摇头叹息,认为马斯克正在黑暗中蹒跚,他的言论自由理论只会放大极端声音,迎接他的只有失败。

总而言之,广告商是否接受马斯克的说辞仍尚未可知,马斯克是否会采取后续行动也成为外界关注焦点,而一切都要看 Twitter 接下来的表现。

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