波卡三季度关键数据解读

MessariPublished on 2022-10-11Last updated on 2022-10-11

Abstract

波卡平行链拍卖在第三季度产生了八名获胜者,经过 28 轮平行链拍卖,波卡已锁定了 1.32 亿枚 DOT,占总供应量的 10.7%,价值约 8.5 亿美元。

波卡平行链拍卖在第三季度产生了八名获胜者,经过 28 轮平行链拍卖,波卡已锁定了 1.32 亿枚 DOT,占总供应量的 10.7%,价值约 8.5 亿美元;

链间消息传递格式(XCM)的使用率继续增加,Parity Technologies 也即将推出 XCM V3;

除了 XCM 外,Parity 也发透漏了波卡 Governance V2 的更多信息,V2 版本将增加可以即刻进行投票的提案数量并进一步将网络去中心化;

验证者数量、提名者数量和质押百分比等指标基本保持不变。

波卡 Q3 表现分析

财务分析

第三季度,加密货币市场继续受到全球宏观环境不稳定的影响,由于美联储的鹰派言论,大盘上涨了 36% 之后又回到了季度初水平。DOT 的价格在本季度最高上涨了 39%,但季度末不仅回吐了全部涨幅,且较季度初下跌了 6%。

DOT 循环供应量和财库存量等内部指标继续按预期稳步增长。DOT 代币具有通胀性,年通胀率约为 10%。财库资金主要来自区块奖励和交易费用。与此同时,收入和财务费用等指标出现了相当大的波动。总体而言,波卡 2022 年第三季度的财务表现基本停滞不前。

虽然中继链作为波卡的核心连接层,但平行链才是真正吸引终端用户的组件,因此大部分网络活动都发生在平行链上。但是,平行链交易不受中继链交易费用的影响。相反,平行链对其费用结构拥有完全的自主权。大多数平行链要求以原生代币计价的交易费用,同时也会额外支付一定费用以避免网络垃圾邮件。

中继链确实支持一些终端用户使用的功能(主要是代币转账、质押、验证者选举、治理投票和平行链插槽拍卖),费用以 DOT 的形式支付。这种原生中继链活动产生了波卡的收入。因为蜡烛拍卖机制,在大多数拍卖开始时,收入往往会飙升。

在第三季度,波卡的收入为 11.5 万美元,流通市盈率为 19945 倍。相比之下,Avalanche 的收入为 230 万美元,流通市盈率为 665 倍,而 Cosmos Hub 的收入为 14.2 万美元,流通市盈率为 4965 倍。按照传统标准,这些基础层协议指标都非常糟糕。以收入为中心的指标加上高估值也凸显了评估基础层协议的困难。

波卡财库由区块奖励、验证者惩罚、交易费用等提供资金。未来,平行线程还将通过参与每个区块的拍卖来产生新的资金来源。在第三季度结束时,波卡国财库拥有 3670 万枚 DOT 的资金,约合 2.36 亿美元。

尽管财库规模庞大,但去年其支出仅为 88.1 万枚 DOT(占财库存量的 2.4%)。在总支出中,大约 66% 发生在 2022 年第三季度,其中大部分用于支持开发人员工具。由于理事会有限的「带宽」以及限制性治理模式导致每 28 天仅支持一项公开提案,因此财库并未得到充分利用。最近宣布的 Governance V2 将改善这些缺陷,并将增加财政支出以支持生态发展。

网络概览

如收入部分所述,中继链支持用于治理和插槽拍卖的帐户创建和代币转账。在第三季度,这两个指标连续第三个季度出现了相当大的下降,可能是由于熊市导致平行链插槽拍卖参与减少和用户本身数量的减少。

虽然中继链支持账户创建、代币转移、平行链拍卖参与等功能,但其唯一目的是作为平行链之间的中继信息并协调验证者。为了移除这些辅助功能,波卡正在推出新的公益平行链。

波卡生态系统中的大部分活动都发生在平行链上。每个平行链都是拥有自己的社区、经济和治理模型的 Layer 1 区块链。不幸的是,由于网络还处于起步阶段,平行链用户活动很难实现聚合。波卡社区的成员目前正在通过改进数据源以监控整体活动。在此期间,XCM 可以作为整个生态系统活动的代理。

链间消息传递格式(XCM)是一种允许平行链交换消息的通信语言。XCM 消息可以在平行链之间、中继链和平行链之间以及波卡生态之外的其他应用和基础层协议间传递。XCM 消息可用于特定操作,例如资产转移等。未来,波卡预计会有关于特定平行链活动的更细节的数据。

XCM 的扩展对于波卡生态的持续发展至关重要,并为新应用开发打开了大门。作为一种通信语言,XCM 允许平行链与其他平行链交换消息,类似于 Cosmos 上的跨链通信(IBC)。7 月初,波卡创始人 Gavin Wood 宣布将推出 XCM V3 版本。

去中心化和质押概述

第三季度是波卡去中心化和质押层面继续保持稳定季度。基本指标,如验证者数量、占总供应量的百分比以及运行活跃验证者所需的最低 DOT 是稳定的。与去中心化和质押相关的指标的一致性表明了一个运作良好且健康的生态系统。

波卡的验证者激励方案可以使得所有验证者获得几乎相同的奖励。该激励方案允许提名者在质押量较低的验证者处进行质押来提高收益。在第三季度,总计 297 名验证者中有 292 名(98%)处质押了 1.8-340 万枚 DOT。

相对均匀的验证者质押量分配提高了波卡的去中心化。虽然难以计算,但波卡可能具有非常有竞争力的 Nakamoto Coefficient(衡量去中心化程度的指标)。最终,波卡计划将验证者数量扩展到 1000 个,以支持 100 条平行链。但是,波卡必须首先改善网络存储和可扩展性,以支持额外的验证者。

波卡网络的理想质押率为 50%,该数字会随着平行链的数量而变化,以保护网络,同时保持充足的流动性。年初至今,DOT 质押总额的百分比高于理想质押率,达到了 54% 到 59%。当系统质押率高于理想质押率时,提名人奖励会减少,额外的奖励会被发送至财政部。

第三季度期间,波卡发布了两款新的质押相关产品:提名池和质押仪表板。提名池允许用户创建无需许可的质押池,并使任何拥有至少一个 DOT 的用户参与质押。质押仪表板提供了更加用户友好的导航和查询体验。这些新产品使得质押的 DOT 数量环比增长 3.1%,是今年以来的最大增幅。

生态和开发者活动概览

第三季度成功拍得平行链的八个项目为:

Darwinia:使用零知识证明和 optimistic 相结合的无需信任的跨链桥,提供了异构链之间的通用跨链解决方案,无需托管或代币封装;

Bridgeport Group:Web3、元宇宙和 NFT 生态基础设施项目;

Integritee:通过可信执行环境(TEE)实现隐私保护的区块链项目;

KILT:基于区块链的身份协议;

Kylin:模块化和可配置的去中心化数据基础设施;

Aventus Network:提供开发便利性和安全性的企业级区块链;

Watr:实物资产代币化项目;

OAK Network:DeFi 及自动化支付平台。

通过平行链插槽拍卖绑定的 DOT 被锁定在中继链上,锁定时间约为两年。通过 28 次插槽拍卖,波卡上已锁定了 1.32 亿枚 DOT(占总供应量的 10.7%,价值约 8.5 亿美元)。同时,DOT 因10% 年通货膨胀率从而没有最大供应量。

通过拍卖锁定的 DOT 数量正在稳步下降。平行链拍卖参与度在 2021 年第四季度达到顶峰,主要是由于市场对首次拍卖的期待。

当前赢得平行链插槽所需的门槛降低,导致项目可以通过自筹资金竞拍插槽。当项目自筹资金时,他们不会从社区众筹 DOT 从而发放原生代币奖励。因此,他们保留了更大比例的原生代币,可以通过其他渠道出售、空投到社区或添加到财库中。在计划到 2023 年 2 月的剩余 13 次拍卖中,更多的平行链团队可能会自行筹集资金参与竞拍而不会通过众贷。

Kusama 是具有实际经济价值的「波卡试验田」。对于开发人员来说,Kusama 是 Runtime 升级、链上治理和平行链的试验场。

在第三季度,波卡的市值大约是 Kusama 的 17 倍(74 亿美元对 4.3 亿美元),收入是 11 倍(11.5 万美元对 1.1 万美元)。同时,二者之间的网络活动更加紧密,波卡上的活跃账户为 Kusama 的 6 倍(13.9 万 对 2.5 万),转账数量为 3 倍(60 万 对 20.9 万),XCM 消息几乎相等(5.8 万 对 6.5 万)。由于以下几个原因,未来二者的网络活动可能会更加紧密: Kusama 拥有更多平行链(53 对 28);XCM 于几个月前推出;早期使用者的用户粘性使得 Kusama 用户并未过渡到波卡。从质押和去中心化的角度来看,Kusama 实际上拥有更大比例的质押(68% 与波卡的 56%)。

总结

与经历了 Terra 崩盘、Three Arrows Capital 破产、俄乌战争升级以及美联储激进加息的第二季度相比,第三季度相对平淡。由于美联储维持鹰派政策,大盘在经历了 36% 的反弹回吐了所有涨幅。波卡的估值表现在第三季度相对突出但关键绩效指标和网络基本面的数据喜忧参半。

波卡的金融和网络活动在很大程度上反映了原生中继链活动。活跃账户、新账户、收入和代币转账等密切相关的 KPI 均出现两位数的百分比下降,可能是由平行链插槽拍卖参与度下降和熊市的预期推动的。

波卡生态中的大多数活动都发生在平行链上。每个 Layer 1 平行链都有自己的社区、经济和治理模型,因此很难聚合数据。波卡社区的成员目前正在通过改进数据源以监控整体活动。在此期间,XCM 消息充当整个生态系统活动的代理。自 5 月推出以来,已针对不同用例通过各种渠道发送了超过 10 万条 XCM 消息。XCM V3 的即将推出、更多 HRMP 通道的开放以及新平行链的加入应该会加速 XCM 的采用。

波卡的去中心化和质押数据基本保持一致。验证者总数、提名者总数和质押量占比等基本指标持平或略有上升,表明基础层的生态系统正在健康运转。波卡在本季度发布了两个新的质押相关产品,提名池和质押仪表板,现在任何人都可以参与波卡质押并极大地改善质押用户体验。

在接下来的几个月中,波卡将发布一系列新产品(推荐阅读《波卡创始人亲述波卡最新路线图》),以进一步使得网络更去中心化并改善其功能。即将发布的产品将包括 Governance V2、XCM V3、新的公益平行链、异步支持和平行线程。为了在竞争日益激烈的市场中进一步推动使用率,发展中的波卡需要产生强大的跨链应用,以激活社区并吸引新用户加入该平台。

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