Elon Musk: I Computer Quantistici possono Hackerare Bitcoin?

bitcoinistPublished on 2025-08-04Last updated on 2025-08-04

Abstract

Elon Musk solleva nuovi dubbi sulla sicurezza a lungo termine di Bitcoin di fronte ai rapidi progressi del calcolo quantistico....

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Elon Musk solleva nuovi dubbi sulla sicurezza a lungo termine di Bitcoin di fronte ai rapidi progressi del calcolo quantistico.

Il CEO di Tesla e SpaceX si è rivolto al suo chatbot AI, Grok, per chiedere quanto sia probabile che l’algoritmo di hashing SHA-256 di Bitcoin possa essere violato da potenti macchine quantistiche.

La domanda di Musk è arrivata proprio mentre IBM ha annunciato importanti piani per il suo sistema quantistico di nuova generazione, chiamato Blue Jay, che dovrebbe raggiungere i 2.000 qubit globali entro il 2033.

Grok prevede un rischio basso, almeno per ora

Secondo Grok, il rischio che la crittografia di Bitcoin venga compromessa dai computer quantistici è molto basso nei prossimi cinque anni. L’intelligenza artificiale stima che la probabilità rimanga vicina allo zero durante questo periodo.

Guardando più avanti, al 2035, la probabilità aumenta leggermente, ma resta comunque sotto il 10%. Queste stime si basano su valutazioni di esperti e sulle attuali capacità della tecnologia quantistica.

Le preoccupazioni di Musk non sono infondate. Aziende come Google e Microsoft stanno sviluppando le proprie piattaforme quantistiche — chiamate rispettivamente Willow e Majorana 1 — e ciò ha alimentato il dibattito su un’eventuale vulnerabilità futura delle criptovalute come Bitcoin di fronte a questi sistemi ultra-potenti.

Attualmente, la maggior parte dei computer quantistici ha solo circa 1.000 qubit, ben al di sotto dei milioni di qubit corretti dagli errori che gli scienziati ritengono necessari per violare le difese crittografiche di Bitcoin.

Grok ha inoltre aggiunto che, se necessario, in futuro si potrebbero adottare algoritmi più robusti come SHA-3 o SHA-512 per sostituire quelli attuali.

Computer quantistici vs. Blockchain

Nel frattempo, secondo una recente analisi della società di revisione globale Deloitte, i computer quantistici potrebbero presto rappresentare una minaccia per la sicurezza della blockchain di Bitcoin, con circa il 25% dei Bitcoin attualmente a rischio di essere rubati tramite attacchi quantistici.

Secondo gli analisti, i computer quantistici potrebbero infine diventare così potenti da compromettere l’intero processo di transazione. Per evitare ciò, la rete Bitcoin dovrebbe adottare la crittografia post-quantistica — una soluzione emergente ma complessa che viene attualmente studiata da crittografi di tutto il mondo.

Blue Jay di IBM aumenta la pressione

Il nuovo sistema di IBM, Blue Jay, sarà in grado di eseguire oltre un miliardo di operazioni logiche (gate operations), un traguardo ben oltre le capacità dei computer attuali.

Si tratta di parte di uno sforzo più ampio dell’azienda per posizionarsi alla guida del calcolo quantistico entro l’inizio degli anni 2030. Con altri giganti del settore come Google e Microsoft non molto distanti, la competizione si fa sempre più intensa.

Tesla e SpaceX detengono Bitcoin

La curiosità di Musk non è puramente teorica. Tesla possiede attualmente 11.500 Bitcoin, per un valore di circa 1,3 miliardi di dollari ai prezzi attuali. Anche SpaceX detiene una quantità significativa, pari a circa 850 milioni di dollari in BTC secondo le stime. Lo stesso Musk ha confermato di detenere Bitcoin nel proprio portafoglio personale.

Con partecipazioni di tale portata, non sorprende che Musk voglia anticipare eventuali minacce. Il suo tweet appare rilassato, ma segnala una crescente consapevolezza nel mondo tech su come i progressi nel calcolo quantistico potrebbero influenzare il mondo delle criptovalute e della finanza.

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Clara Rosati

Clara Rosati

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Ha conseguito una laurea magistrale con una tesi sull’evoluzione della tecnologia blockchain, approfondendo in particolare le sue applicazioni nei sistemi economici digitali. Ha collaborato con diverse testate scrivendo articoli su criptovalute, finanza decentralizzata e innovazione tecnologica, e ha partecipato come relatrice a conferenze dedicate all’ecosistema Ethereum.

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