爆火的Polymarket是一个好的预测工具吗?

Odaily星球日报Publicado em 2024-09-02Última atualização em 2024-09-02

Resumo

Polymarket仍然是一个低效的新兴市场,无法预测事件概率的微小变动(<5% )。

原文作者:Felipe Montealegre

原文编译:Luffy,Foresight News

有一次,我和朋友正在讨论罗伯特·肯尼迪支持特朗普,一位参与者自信地宣称,特朗普获胜的几率提升了 2% ,因为 Polymarket 是这样预测的。这是个很好的观察点,因为事件发生得很快,而且没有太多其他消息可以影响市场。如果 Polymarket 是有效市场,这样说似乎站得住脚。

但问题在于,Polymarket 仍然是一个低效的新兴市场,无法预测事件概率的微小变动(<5% )。

有效市场的工作方式是,大量的投资者根据事件进行交易。如果你认为罗伯特·肯尼迪的支持会使特朗普的胜算增加 10% ,那么你将通过杠杆购买以获得预期的回报。如果你认为这会降低特朗普的胜算,那么你将通过杠杆出售。市场能够对经过深思熟虑的预测进行加权平均,以反映最新信息。

Polymarket 的问题是:价格受到的影响相对于共识的小偏差而言太大了。在下面的市场中,我认为特朗普获胜的几率为 50% ,罗伯特·肯尼迪的支持会使他的获胜几率上升到为 55% 。问题是,我无法实际进行 100 万美元的交易来赚取 10 万美元(假设我对 50% 到 55% 的预测是正确的),因为购买 100 万美元的押注会使其平均价格暴涨 62% ,如果市场的概率重新调整到 55% ,我实际上会亏损。

爆火的Polymarket是一个好的预测工具吗?

这些问题可以通过更好的流动性和利用预测代币来解决。更好的流动性将允许我在特朗普胜率 为 50% 时下注 100 万美元,并在 55% 时退出,不会出现滑点,从而获得 10% 的回报。当 100 万美元的下注使市场波动 <5% 时,市场将在 <5% 的范围内有效。

另一方面,利用预测代币可以大大提高 Polymarket 的效率。我认为这种投资的 10% 回报率很低:你必须预测正确,而且要承担新兴加密平台约 10% 的风险。如果你认为你正确的概率约为 80% ,而如果你错了,损失 5% ;那么最终的期望回报率约为 7% ,相对于市场共识,这应该是一个很好的预测。但回报率依然太低了。

利用 Polymarket 杠杆,我能够以 4 倍杠杆进行交易,剩余的资金足以支付贷款平台 5% 的贷款利息。对于花费精力和努力寻找良好交易并承担风险的研究人员来说,这是更合适的资本回报率。

传统市场我们讨论 20 个基点的利率变动,因为它们具有足够的流动性和杠杆,分析师能够通过对小幅变动的正确预测获得高回报。Polymarket 可以讨论选举胜率约 20% ,甚至是 10% 的变动,但它无法预测 <5% 水平的变动。

反驳者认为 Polymarket 的规模已经足够大,可以让群众智慧发挥作用。其理念是,数以万计的小额交易者(包括来自摇摆州的数千名交易者)不断利用最新信息对选举进行小额押注。这些投资者存在偏见和不完整的信息,但偏见来源互不相关,相互抵消,而市场会聚合许多不同的信息来源。

这种反驳的问题在于,Polymarket 每天有大约 4, 000 名活跃交易员押注美国大选,这些交易员聚集在纽约市和加利福尼亚州,并且不成比例地关注 Twitter 上的相同账户。在这 4, 000 名交易员中,我预计其中一半的交易员并没有对每项投资进行深入调查,只是为了从空投「耕作」中受益,即通过交易赚取 Polymarket 代币,因为 Polymarket 可能会用空投奖励活跃交易员。此外,还有集中化问题,因为 20 名交易员占 Polymarket 交易量的 95% 。

Polymarket 是一家出色的企业和信息来源。我相信它在预测重大政治事件方面比民意调查、专家模型和一些分析文章要好得多。Polymarket 已经展示了在主要媒体报道之前预测大动作的能力,但这并不意味着 Polymarket 是一种精准的预测工具。

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