是什么推动机构加密借贷市场的复苏?

币界网Published on 2024-08-22Last updated on 2024-08-22

币界网报道:

作者:Membrane Labs产品主管Craig Birchall,CFA,CoinDesk;编译:邓通,

2022 年,加密货币借贷市场在经历了一系列灾难性事件后崩溃,包括 LUNA/UST 倒闭、Three Arrows Capital 破产和 FTX 破产。在此期间,许多在借贷市场中占很大份额的主要贷方被迫关门,其中包括 BlockFi、Celsius、Voyager 和 Genesis。然而,这一时期出现的少数一线希望之一是,它暴露了市场结构中存在的许多问题,并为如何在下一个周期构建更健康的生态系统提供了蓝图。

在加密货币回报巨大和多年低利率的环境下,加密货币借贷市场在 2021-2022 年达到顶峰。由于牛市中贷款违约并不常见,投资者渴望实现营收增长,许多加密货币贷方发现自己陷入了绝对收益率的竞争中,而风险定价和投资组合健康状况则是次要问题。

结构/条款方面竞争压力的不断增加导致无担保贷款激增、承保/尽职调查标准放宽以及高收益 DeFi 策略的配置不断增加。当一些不良催化剂将一切都搞垮时,这种高杠杆环境就成了火药桶。

两年后,市场看起来大不相同,我们终于开始看到强劲的复苏信号。在一定程度上受到 1 月份美国推出比特币 ETF 的催化,机构贷方在 2024 年实现了快速扩张。以下是公开报告数据中的一些示例:

  • Coinbase Prime 的融资业务报告称,其贷款账簿环比增长了 75%,从 2024 年第一季度的 3.99 亿美元增至 7 亿美元

  • 加密借贷平台 Ledn 公开报告称,2024 年第一季度发放的机构贷款为 5.84 亿美元,环比增长了 400%

  • 贷款技术提供商 Membrane(也是我的雇主;全面披露)报告称,2024 年上半年的贷款预订量是 2023 年全年的 3 倍

风险管理实践

贷方非常重视风险管理,他们热衷于避免发生贷款损失并保持交易对手的信任。与 2021 年形成鲜明对比的是,详细的实体尽职调查和资产核实现在已成为标准的入门实践。

超额抵押贷款已成为贷款活动的主导,许多借款人坚持要求其抵押品由托管人三方持有。无抵押贷款的市场份额要小得多,现在通常仅限于特定的资本充足的借款人,并且通常包括结构性保护和/或持续监控要求。

透明度也是一个重点,因为许多贷方及其资本提供者都要求有透明度来监控借款人对贷款收益的使用情况,而许多借款人则要求持续关注其抵押品存放的钱包。

新参与者和创新技术

现在,进入市场的新贷方的增长速度可能比 2021 年以来的任何时候都要快。瑞士银行(例如 Sygnum、Amina、Dukascopy 等)已逐渐进入市场,传统金融市场的其他大型机构也在进入该领域,例如 Cantor Fitzgerald 宣布以 20 亿美元的初始资金开展一项新的比特币融资业务。这些新进入者将能够向更广泛的交易社区以及加密货币的现有贷方提供资金,最终推动市场更加强劲、流动性更强。

BitGo 和 Copper 等大型托管人已倾向于优质融资业务,许多新的信贷基金已在亚太地区推出,一些 ETF 发行人正在积极探索如何部署资产以产生收益。

改进的贷款和抵押品管理工具使许多贷方能够降低风险并扩大其产品范围。一个典型的例子是借贷平台 Trident Digital,它开发的产品为交易公司提供杠杆,而无需资金在场外交易,为交易者提供资本效率的好处,而贷方始终保持超额抵押。

从更高效的基于风险的保证金能力到贷款收益使用的可见性,机构现在拥有更广泛的工具来降低交易对手风险并增强与新合作伙伴交易的信心。

加密融资的可持续性及其持续增长取决于平衡创新与风险管理。审慎的风险管理实践与提供透明、安全和高效借贷服务的工具相结合,对于建立强大而高效的加密借贷市场至关重要。

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