Виталик Бутерин начал тесты решения для устранения взяточничества в DAO

cryptonews.ruPubblicato 2022-09-18Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-18

Сооснователь Эфириума Виталик Бутерин и группа аспирантов Корнеллского университета в Итаке под Нью-Йорком предложили инструмент, который, возможно, позволит избежать злоупотреблений при голосовании в децентрализованных сообществах.

Исследователи проблемы утверждают, что взяточничество посредством интеллектуальных контактов представляет реальную угрозу эффективному функционированию DAO, а также может подорвать децентрализованное сотрудничество и доверие внутри подобных организаций.

«DAO работают, позволяя держателям токенов голосовать за решения и предложения. Однако этот децентрализованный подход может быть уязвим, когда злоумышленники проводят скоординированные атаки и предлагают финансовые стимулы, чтобы склонить голоса в свою пользу», — объяснили участники исследовательской группы.

Чтобы решить проблему, Виталик Бутерин и исследователи из Корнелла предлагают использовать новый криптографический протокол Proof of Complete Knowledge (PoCK), который должен расширить область улучшения методологии доказательства знаний.

Например, при голосовании в доверенной среде TEE каждый участник DAO будет последовательно использовать пару ключей: публичный и приватный. Публичный ключ необходим для идентификации участника, а приватный — для создания доказательства. При этом доказательство содержит информацию о факте голосования, но не раскрывает подробностей. На этом этапе потенциальному злоумышленнику будет гораздо сложнее получить доступ к данным голосования, даже если он перехватит связь между голосующим и верификатором. Далее отданные за определенное решение голоса проверяются смарт-контрактом DAO, который учитывает, что каждое доказательство действительно уникально, обладает соответствующим приватным ключом и предотвращает повторное использование ключа в среде TEE.

Участники исследовательской группы верят, что инструменты протокола PoCK позволят DAO обеспечить верификацию процессов голосования, а также защититься от возможных давлений и манипуляций.

Ранее сооснователь Эфириума Виталик Бутерин назвал блокчейн «машиной правды» — благодаря способности технологии надежно фиксировать временные метки сообщений.

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The Full Story of How Crypto Unicorn Blockstream Is Mired in Serious Fraud Allegations

This article details serious allegations of fraud against Bitcoin infrastructure company Blockstream, founded by Bitcoin pioneer Adam Back. In June 2024, investigative account NatInfoSec published a report accusing Blockstream's mining note (BMN) program of potentially operating a multi-billion dollar scheme with Ponzi-like characteristics. The core allegations focus on Blockstream Mining Notes (BMNs), which offer investors fixed annual yields up to approximately 20% from Bitcoin mining. NatInfoSec's investigation raises several key issues: 1. **Suspicious Hashrate & Payout Capacity**: The analysis suggests Blockstream would need 20-45 EH/s of mining power to cover its BMN obligations, but its public dashboard shows only around 15 EH/s. Furthermore, no verifiable public evidence (e.g., grid connection records, import data) was found to support the massive mining operation required. 2. **Questionable Payout Source**: The BMN contract allows Blockstream to use Bitcoin from *any source* (Substitute Performance BTC) to fulfill investor payouts, raising concerns that payouts may not come from actual mining revenue. 3. **High-Risk, Fixed Returns**: Offering ~20% fixed yields in the volatile, cyclical Bitcoin mining industry is viewed as highly unusual and requires clear explanation. 4. **Undisclosed Criminal Record of Key Figure**: Christopher William Cook, a key figure in Blockstream's mining operations and CEO of spin-off Exacore, was found to have a federal felony conviction for mail fraud in 2008, a fact not disclosed in BMN offering documents. His background was also allegedly embellished. 5. **Potential Contagion to BSTR SPAC**: Questions were raised about whether these liabilities and Cook's record should have been disclosed in the SEC filings for Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company (BSTR), a separate Adam Back-associated firm planning a SPAC merger. The crypto community is divided. BitMEX Research validated Cook's criminal record and expressed concern over the high yields but found other evidence lacking or misleading, noting the legal separation between BMN, Blockstream, and BSTR. Blockstream defenders, like Samson Mow, argue the mining is real. Critics, however, emphasize the lack of independent, verifiable proof of the mining operation's scale and the true source of investor payouts. The article concludes that BMN remains shrouded in key unanswered questions regarding its actual size, the verifiability of its underlying mining assets and payouts, the source of its high yields, and the full role and disclosure concerning Chris Cook. Blockstream had not issued a comprehensive response at the time of writing.

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This article details allegations of serious fraud surrounding the crypto company Blockstream, founded by Bitcoin pioneer Adam Back. Investigation account NatInfoSec accuses Blockstream of raising billions through its Blockstream Mining Note (BMN) products, which offer high fixed yields of up to 20% from purported mining revenue. The core allegations are: 1) Blockstream's public mining hash rate (15 EH/s) appears insufficient to cover the massive payout obligations from sold BMN notes, raising questions about the true source of investor payouts. 2) Key executive Christopher William Cook, central to the mining operations, has a prior federal conviction for mail fraud, a fact not disclosed to investors. Cook's background and lavish lifestyle are highlighted as red flags. 3) The structure allows payouts from any source of BTC, not necessarily mining revenue, which critics argue gives it Ponzi-like characteristics. The controversy also touches on Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company (BSTR), a related entity planning a SPAC上市. Critics question whether BMN's liabilities and Cook's record should be disclosed in BSTR's filings. BitMEX Research offered a tempered analysis, confirming Cook's criminal record is likely true and the high yields concerning, but found other claims like insufficient抵押证据 less substantiated. Community debate centers on the need for verifiable proof of Blockstream's mining output and revenue. The article concludes that while fraud is not proven, BMN presents significant, unresolved questions regarding its actual scale, the source of its high fixed returns, the verifiability of its mining operations and payouts, and the full disclosure of associated risks and personnel backgrounds. Blockstream has not yet issued a formal response.

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