Ripple 血战 SEC 落幕:加密江湖地震,巨头命运谁主沉浮?

链捕手Pubblicato 2024-08-12Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-12

原文标题:Has Ripple walked away with a win against the SEC?

作者:Katherine Ross、David Canellis,Blockworks

编译:Yanan,比推 BitpushNews

 

大结局即将上演

美国证券交易委员会( SEC )与瑞波实验室( RippleLabs )之间的纷争似乎即将画上句号,此言非虚。

之所以说「即将」,是因为尽管阿娜丽萨·托雷斯( Analisa Torres )法官已于 8 月 7 日作出了终审判决,但双方仍然有权对这一判决结果提出上诉。

8 月 7 日,托雷斯法官裁定瑞波实验室需支付 1.25 亿美元的罚款。这一数额远低于美国证券交易委员会原先要求的 20 亿美元——这一数字还未包括罚款和预估利息,这两者分别为 8.76 亿美元和 1.98 亿美元。

同时,这一处罚金额也远高于瑞波实验室在反击美国证券交易委员会的诉讼时所要求的 1000 万美元。但不管怎么样,与美国证券交易委员会起初要求的罚款数额相比,该次判决仍可以被视为加密货币公司的一次胜利。

然而,正因为这一判决结果,一位律师向我透露,美国证券交易委员会很有可能会对判决提出上诉。

但是至少,瑞波的高管们公开宣称这次判决是一次胜利,这或许暗示着他们不打算继续上诉。

实际上,如果审视这些数字,瑞波只需支付比原本可能面临的数十亿美元低 94% 的罚金,这无疑是一个相对有利的结果。特别是考虑到瑞波过去几年在法律诉讼上的巨额花费,这个结果更显得合理。

然而,美国证券交易委员会也似乎认为他们在这场斗争中取得了一定程度的胜利。委员会的一位发言人通过电子邮件告诉我:

「法院批准了证券交易委员会提出的补救措施动议,其中包括禁止瑞波继续违反证券法,并对瑞波处以总额超过 12 倍的巨额民事罚款。」

法院认为,瑞波已经显示出「突破 [法院简易判决] 令界限的意愿」,这表明它最终可能会越界(如果尚未越界的话),法院还强调了「瑞波行为的恶劣性」,并明确指出「经常性、高利润地违反第 5 条的行为无疑是严重的违法行为」。

「正如多个法院一再指出的,无论公司使用何种技术或标签,证券法都适用于公司提供和销售投资合同的情况。」

瑞波实验室的首席法务官斯图尔特·奥尔德罗蒂( Stuart Alderoty )表示,他们「尊重」这一判决。判决书指出,在认定瑞波实验室违反了关于机构销售的第 5 条规定后,除了处以罚款外,还禁止该公司「进一步违反证券法」。回顾去年夏天的判决,当时托雷斯法官裁定程序化销售(或算法销售)不构成证券,但她发现机构销售确实符合豪威测试( Howey Test )的标准。

一位律师向我解释,尽管有关违反证券法的措辞有些含糊,但似乎仅适用于诉状中提及的机构销售行为,而不适用于加林豪斯( Garlinghouse ,瑞波实验室 CEO )或联合创始人克里斯·拉森( Chris Larsen )的个人销售行为( SEC 去年年底已撤销了对他们的起诉),也不适用于程序化销售或其他分销方式。

法院的判决并未直接认定瑞波的销售行为违反了第 5 条规定。然而,法院指出瑞波有突破法令界限的倾向,暗示其未来有可能越界(如果目前尚未越界)。在全面权衡各种因素后,法院认为瑞波未来有合理的可能性违反该法令,因此作出了签发禁令的决定。

从根本上说,这意味着瑞波可以在遵守该判决的情况下继续运营。

因此,若无人上诉,加密货币领域的一个长期悬而未决的问题,可能会因这一判决而最终得到解决。

数据总结

· 消息传出后, XRP 价格一度飙升,最高涨幅达 27%。随后略有回调,但仍上涨 22%,至 0.6112 美元。

· TAO 和 TON 紧随其后,判决出炉后的一天内分别上涨了 8.3%。周三, Grayscale 推出了两家新的加密货币投资信托,分别是 Grayscale Bittensor Trust 和 Grayscale Sui Trust 。这些信托专注于投资 Bittensor 和 Sui 协议、 TAO 和 SUI 的原生代币。

· 上周, HNT 、 FTN 和 XLM 是百强币中仅有的涨幅在 2% 至 8% 之间的币种。

· 根据 XRPScan 的数据,目前 XRPL 每天约有 30 万笔支付交易。相比之下,2022 年同期, XRPL 的支付记录仅为这个数字的一半左右。

· 此外, XRPL 上每天约有一千个新账户被创建,且该网络最近的日处理量已高达 22.6 亿美元。

瑞波终见曙光

XRP 的支持者们终于可以松一口气了。

尽管我们已经了解了大部分判决内容,但现在确实比以往任何时候都更接近一个确定的结果,除非未来出现上诉,或是瑞波实验室在向机构销售 XRP 方面遇到新的麻烦。

一直以来,瑞波实验室向散户销售 XRP (例如通过加密货币交易所等渠道)是否构成投资合同,都是悬在 XRP 头上的最大问号。好在去年 6 月,这个问题已经得到了解决:向散户销售 XRP 不构成证券。

对于向机构销售的部分,业界普遍预计仅会导致罚款,而瑞波实验室很可能有能力承担,不会对公司造成重大影响。因此,我们不得不认同,瑞波实验室、其创始人及 XRP 的前景均显光明。

这个好消息来得正是时候。尽管 XRP 在之前的一轮牛市中有所表现,但在最近这轮牛市中却基本错失良机。

在 2021 年周期的前半段, XRP 的回报率与比特币保持一致,两者都在 2019 年 8 月至 2021 年 5 月期间实现了超过 400% 的涨幅。

然而,在当前这轮牛市中,情况却有所不同。根据不同的解读,这轮牛市的起点可以追溯到 2022 年 11 月 FTX 危机最严重的时期过后。

从上面的图表可以看出,比特币和以太坊在 2023 年全年和 2024 年上半年都实现了数百个百分点的增长。

相比之下, XRP 的涨幅却显得相对逊色,最多只有约 150%。截至目前,它在过去五年的表现与标准普尔 500 指数的五年回报率基本持平,大约在 90% 左右。

尽管 XRP 仍然是市值第七大的加密货币,达到 345 亿美元,但它未能像许多其他加密货币那样出现大幅上涨。这背后可能有多方面的原因。

众多新兴网络和协议涌出后,作为一个相对老旧的项目, XRP 的竞争力可能受到了一定影响。此外,稳定币的兴起也使得 XRP 的主要价值主张——跨境汇款——显得不再那么具有前瞻性。

当前市场还有一种观点,认为这轮牛市主要由机构主导。如果机构直接购买的实际上是未注册的证券,又如何能推高 XRP 的价格?

值得一提的是,根据瑞波实验室的季度博客文章透露,自美国证券交易委员会提起诉讼以来,该公司已经直接向机构投资者(以及其他用户)出售了价值高达 140 亿美元的 XRP 。

随后,瑞波实验室将 109 亿美元用于以程序化(算法)方式在加密货币交易所回购 XRP ,这一举措意味着其主要收入来源所产生资金的 78% 都被投入到了 XRP 的现货市场中。

"自 2020 年以来,为确保我们不断增长的即时流动性( ODL )业务有充足的 XRP 供应,瑞波一直从公开市场回购 XRP ,"瑞波在几年前的一份披露声明中表示。

声明还指出:"我们始终致力于通过诸如限制购买 XRP 的数量和来源等措施,尽量减少我们的回购行为对市场造成的不必要影响。"瑞波最初将其回购计划描述为"维护市场健康发展"的一种手段。

如今,瑞波实验室已在一定程度上获得了监管方面的明确性,这可能意味着 XRP 的销售、回购以及机构采用都有望重新活跃起来。业界普遍认为,这或将为 XRP 带来新的发展机遇。

拓展分析:加密行业将何去何从?

瑞波与美国证券交易委员会的诉讼案判决引发了加密货币行业的一系列深层次思考:

· 相对于可能获得的数十亿美元收入而言,1.25 亿美元的罚款是否真能起到有效的威慑作用?(然而,这笔罚款确实远高于 Block . one 就 EOS 首次代币发行所支付的 2400 万美元,而后者当时的募资额高达 40 亿美元!)

· 加密货币行业需要取得多少次胜利——无论是实质性的还是精神上的——才会再次开始无视美国证券交易委员会的监管?

· 这次判决是否真正为加密货币行业带来了监管上的明确性?

· 瑞波是否真正实现了去中心化?

瑞波诉讼案的结束无疑具有重大意义,但同时也让人感觉未能彻底解决问题。这个判决无疑推动了行业的发展,但要明确我们究竟在朝哪个方向前进,可能还需要等到接下来几个相关案例结束后才能确定。

无处不在,处处可见!

目前看来,这一判决实际上为一起备受瞩目的案例画上了句号,该案例为加密行业如何应对美国证券交易委员会的监管执法奠定了基调。暂且不论可能的上诉,这一案件的终结确实意义非凡。

在我看来, Coinbase 和 Binance 的律师团队很可能会深入研究这一案例,为自己的法律战术积累宝贵经验,尽管他们面临的具体情况与瑞波有所不同。

我想,这段时间加密行业或许可以稍微松一口气了。这一判决并未带来意外,法院的裁决与去年夏天的初步判决保持了一致。1.25 亿美元无疑是一笔巨额罚款,但相比可能面临的数十亿美元罚款,这一结果无疑要好得多。

吸取教训,总结经验,然后继续前行。让我们拭目以待,见证这一判决是否将成为推动 XRP 未来发展的关键催化剂。

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