数字藏品噱头之下有深坑

币界网Опубліковано о 2024-08-03Востаннє оновлено о 2024-08-03

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作者:元元;来源:元宇宙先知道

数字藏品市场的繁荣背后,也隐藏着一些不法分子利用其特性进行诈骗的风险。以下是数字藏品诈骗的几种常见手段:

  1. 价格操纵:一些不良平台通过内部账户进行自买自卖,制造出虚假的交易量和活跃度,误导消费者认为某个数字藏品具有投资价值,从而推高价格。

  2. 夸大宣传:诈骗者通过夸大数字藏品的潜在回报和升值空间,吸引投资者参与。他们可能会利用社交媒体和在线社区,散布不实信息,诱使投资者以高价购买实际上并无价值的数字藏品。

  3. 非法资金募集:部分平台以数字藏品的名义进行非法集资,承诺投资者高额的回报,但最终这些平台可能会突然关闭,导致投资者的资金损失。

  4. 知识产权侵权:在数字藏品的发行过程中,一些平台未经授权使用他人的作品,侵犯了原创者的版权,同时也给购买者带来了法律风险。

  5. 平台消失:一些数字藏品平台在吸收了投资者的资金后,可能会突然消失,停止运营,使得投资者的资金无法追回。

为了避免这些风险,专家建议加强对数字藏品市场的监管,明确发行和流通规则,严厉打击非法行为。同时,消费者在投资数字藏品时,应保持谨慎,进行充分的调查和评估,避免受到不实宣传的影响。

新兴事物有套路

数字藏品,作为电子收藏品的一种形式,涵盖了图片、音乐、视频、3D模型以及电子票证等多种类型。这些藏品利用区块链技术生成独一无二的数字凭证,确保了其在发行、购买和收藏过程中的数字化特性,以及不可篡改、不可分割和限量发行的独特属性。在国际市场上,这类藏品通常被称为NFT(非同质化通证)。

2023年12月,湖北省远安县公安局成功瓦解了一个利用“元宇宙、区块链”概念进行诈骗的犯罪团伙。该团伙运用AI技术制作并销售虚假的数字藏品,共逮捕了26名涉案人员,缴获了30余台电脑、200余部手机,并冻结了涉及300余万元的涉案资金。

该团伙自2022年3月起,由主要犯罪嫌疑人黑某某牵头,联合4名核心成员,冒充某知名文化传媒集团的名义,进行数字文创藏品的生产与销售。他们冒用该集团的ICP备案号,并采用与集团旗下文创藏品平台相似的标识进行虚假宣传,通过在线交易平台销售所谓的数字藏品。据调查,该交易网站已骗取资金超过1500万元,受害者超过5000人,诈骗总额高达1200万元,其中单名受害者最高损失额达到9万元以上。

业内人士向半月谈记者透露,数字藏品的生产包括内容创作和上链销售两个环节。在内容创作方面,数字藏品的生成方式主要分为“数字原生”和“数字孪生”两种,前者指在数字环境中直接创作产品,后者则是将实体艺术品通过绘画、扫描等手段转化为数字形式。与实体艺术藏品相比,数字藏品的所有权和版权可以分离,且各平台的权益证明相互独立,允许平台运营者自行设定收藏规则。

观众参观数字藏品 陈钟昊 摄

“平台自产自销,令炒作成本大大降低。”B站数字藏品解析博主“元宇宙zoye”表示,有的平台会把自己的剩余藏品全部买下来,伪造一秒售空的假象。藏品在市场中流通的数量少了,供需不平衡,价格就涨上去了。有专家表示,除稀缺性炒作之外,不少平台用“数字盲盒”“购买权解锁”等形式进行套娃销售,也增强了数字藏品市场的不确定性。

收藏圈暗藏不法集市

数字藏品市场的运作核心在于藏品的创作与平台的维护,但这一新兴领域也伴随着不少问题。远安县公安局刑侦大队的宋遨洋指出,由于市场尚未完全规范,艺术价值与投机行为交织在一起,许多收藏者缺乏辨识力,容易被不法之徒利用。

该团伙的主要嫌疑人黑某某供认,为了维持藏品的市场活跃度,他们通过控制平台来调节产品价格和交易频率,从而通过产品销售和交易费用获取利益。平台对每笔交易收取4%的手续费,并在客户提现时再收取3%的费用,从而实现多方面的盈利。

在数字藏品这一新兴行业的初期发展阶段,也出现了一些不法分子利用市场混乱进行非法集资后携款潜逃的现象。上海市闵行区人民法院近期公布了一起案件,其中被告人张某某通过开发数字藏品网络平台,将普通图片包装成数字藏品进行销售,并虚假宣传其具有巨大的升值潜力和回购承诺,吸引投资者上钩。在骗取了投资者的资金后,张某某等人迅速提现并关闭了平台,同时解散了相关的社交群组。

民警强调,目前所见的数字藏品相关的违法犯罪行为,其本质大多为诈骗。无论是通过运营虚假平台还是通过非法集资后消失,犯罪分子通常采用伪造品牌标识、构建虚假形象、承诺不实回报等手段进行误导宣传,导致受害者产生误解并最终受骗。

怎么把数字藏品管好

“虽还处于萌芽期,但数字藏品市场走向理性和成熟的步伐十分稳健。”中传悦众(北京)文化发展有限公司执行董事秦智勇认为,不能简单从商品的角度去理解数字藏品,其发展趋势是数字版权市场的确权交易,可以让受保护的知识产权在数字世界充分创造价值,着力避免大平台、大资本对数字创作市场的垄断,提高普通网民的参与度和话语权,迎合互联网时代的扁平化运作逻辑,拥有一定的市场前景。

法律人士表示,目前我国对于数字藏品市场的主体资质、发行模式、交易规则、参与者权责等尚未出台具有针对性的监管规则,风险预防机制相对不健全,主要依靠联盟链做资质审核,让行业在政策指导下进行自我管理。

半月谈记者调研发现,为了限制数字藏品炒作,国内知名数字藏品发行平台均出台了规定或声明,如在注册协议中写明“不支持任何形式的数字藏品转卖行为”或规定“作品不可转卖不可转赠”,但仍然无法完全限制二级市场交易。

半月谈记者在某二手交易平台花费6.8元购买了一件名为“水月观音玄奘取经”的敦煌壁画数字藏品,卖家确认买入账号信息后,就从平台上将藏品转赠到半月谈记者名下。当半月谈记者想再次转赠时,平台发出提示:数字藏品在购买满24小时或受赠满24小时后,可以转赠给年满十四周岁的实名用户。

“数字藏品是一种网络虚拟财产,是数字经济的重要领域之一,但其发行、交易可能引发的诈骗、非法集资、侵犯知识产权等风险不容忽视。”湖北瀛楚律师事务所律师任善有认为,以知识产权侵权为例,未经许可擅自将他人作品制成数字藏品发行、交易的,有可能侵害著作权人的复制权、信息网络传播权等。

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