大崩盘来了「萨姆法则已触动」 过去100%引发市场暴跌 这次会多严重

币界网Published on 2024-08-03Last updated on 2024-08-03

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文章来源:公众号佩佩梭哈

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美国劳工部昨晚公布最新就业数据,显示7 月非农失业率上升至4.3%,这也意味着美国经济已触发市场担忧的「萨姆规则」,而本文将介绍,什么是萨姆规则?他的准确度有多高?以及过往触发萨姆法则的衰退事件。

国劳工部昨(2)晚公布了最新就业数据,显示美国7 月非农就业人口仅增加11.4 万人,远低于市场预期的17.6 万人,创下三年半以来的新低。同时,7 月非农失业率也上升至4.3%,高于市场预期的4.1%,创下三年来的新高。这些数据显示,美国就业市场表现疲软。

7 月非农数据触发萨姆规则

另外,7 月份非农数据低迷的表现,立即引发市场恐慌,因为其触发被视为经济衰退领先指标的「萨姆规则」 (Sahm Rule)。

素有「联准会传声筒」之称的华尔街记者Nick Timiraos 早在7 月初就暗示过,以萨姆(Sahm)规则来看,美国经济正面临衰退风险:

美国6 月失业率从5 月份的3.96% 上升到6 月的4.05%,该数据自3 月份以来上涨了0.22%。

用Sahm 规则来看,3 个月的平均值相较此前12 个月的最小值高出了0.42 个百分点,越来越趋近于0.5 个百分点的阈值。

如今美国7 月非农失业率已经攀升至4.3%,衰退指标0.53 % 的数值已经触发萨姆规则(>0.5%),从技术上来判断,可以说美国经济已经陷入了经济衰退。

图片萨姆规则达到0.53,财经M平方

萨姆规则是什么?

萨姆规则为联准会经济学家Claudia Sahm 提出, 他的定义是当美国3 个月失业率移动平均值,减去前一年失业率低点,所得数值超过0.5% 时,意味着经济体正经历衰退阶段。

令人讶异的是,过去每次衰退阶段皆符合此情况,故此指标被命名为萨姆规则衰退指标。

历史数据观察,100% 触发经济崩盘

历史数据显示,自1960 年代以来的每一次美国经济衰退中,萨姆规则都成功预测了衰退的开始,下列为读者整理萨姆规则成功预测的9 次衰退:

  1. 1960 年衰退(1960 年8 月触发):这场衰退持续了10 个月,从1960 年4 月开始,直到1961 年2 月结束,失业率在1961 年5 月达到7.1% 峰值。

  2. 1970 年衰退(1970 年2 月触发):这场衰退持续10 个月,从1969 年12 月到1970 年11 月,失业率在1970 年12 月达到6.1% 的峰值。

  3. 1973 -1975 年(1974 年3 月触发):这场衰退持续了16 个月,从1973 年11 月到1975 年3 月,该衰退周期由「第一次石油危机」引发。

  4. 1980 年衰退(1980 年4 月触发):本次衰退是从1980 年1 月至7 月,原因在于美国联准会将利率一口气拉升至20%。

  5. 1982 年衰退(1981 年11 月触发):这场衰退持续16 个月,从1981 年7 月到1982 年11 月,本次衰退原因与1980 年相同。

  6. 1990 年衰退(1990 年11 月触发):这场衰退持续了9 个月,从1990 年7 月到1991 年3 月,本次衰退是由储蓄和贷款危机和伊拉克战争引发。

  7. 2001 年衰退(2001 年7 月触发):这场衰退持续8 个月,从2001 年3 月至11 月,衰退原因为「网路泡沫破裂」。

  8. 2007-2009年大衰退(2008 年4 月触发):这场衰退持续18 个月,从2007 年12 月持续到2009 年6 月,衰退原因为全球银行信贷危机。

  9. 2020 年衰退(2020 年4 月触发):这场衰退持续3 个月,从2020 年2 月持续到2020 年4 月,衰退原因为Covid-19 疫情,但该衰退因为美联准会的无限QE政策而结束,也埋下日后通膨的种子。

另外,从股市方面观察,历次发生经济衰退,美股都会有不小的跌幅,其中以2008 年衰退最为严重,最大跌幅达55.2%;1980 年衰退幅度最小,最大跌幅达16%。

另一方面,我们可以从上述衰退事件中发现,除了2020 年,其余衰退周期至少会持续8 个月以上,并且衰退周期通常在开启后2~4 个月会触发萨姆规则,这意味着我们可能已经处于衰退周期中。

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