压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-07-11Last updated on 2024-07-11

Abstract

长期持有者很少参与亏损,这表明尽管随后出现市场恐慌,但成熟投资者仍然有利可图。

原文作者:CryptoVizArt、UkuriaOC, Glassnode

原文编译:邓通,金色财经

摘要

  • 比特币创下了当前周期的最大跌幅,交易价格比历史最高价低 26% 以上。尽管如此,与过去的周期相比,跌幅仍然处于历史低位。

  • 价格下跌导致大量短期持有者供应陷入未实现损失,根据其链上收购价格,目前有超过 280 万 BTC 处于亏损状态。

  • 虽然短期持有者的财务压力加大,但与市场规模相比,锁定的损失幅度仍然相对较小。

价格表现

2023-2024 年比特币周期与之前的周期既相似又不同。在 FTX 崩盘后,市场经历了约 18 个月的稳定价格上涨,随后在 73, 000 美元的 ETF 高点之后,价格出现了三个月的区间波动。5 月至 7 月期间,市场经历了最深的周期调整,从 ATH 下跌超过 26% 。

虽然这很有意义,但这种下降趋势明显比之前的周期要浅,突显出随着比特币作为一种资产类别的成熟,底层市场结构相对稳健,波动性有所压缩。

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

如果我们评估相对于每个周期低点的价格表现, 2023-24 年的市场表现与前两个周期(2018-21 年和 2015-17 年)惊人地相似。比特币遵循如此相似路径的原因是一个经常争论的话题,但它继续为分析师思考周期结构和持续时间提供了一个有价值的框架。

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

然而,如果我们以比特币减半日期为基准来衡量其表现,就会发现当前周期是表现最差的周期之一。尽管市场在 4 月份减半事件之前突破了新的周期性高点,这是首次出现这种情况。

  • Epoch 2: + 117% (红色)

  • Epoch 3: -7% (蓝色)

  • Epoch 4: + 30% (绿色)

  • Epoch 5: -13% (灰色)

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

我们可以按日评估上升趋势中每日跌幅超过 1 个标准差阈值的次数。这有助于我们评估投资者在整个牛市上升趋势中经历的重大抛售事件次数。

  • 2011-13 : 19 个事件;

  • 2015-18 : 27 个事件;

  • 2018-21 : 26 个事件;

  • 当前周期 2023-24 : 6 个事件(迄今为止)。

当前周期已记录了 6 次日比长期平均值低 1 个标准差以上的跌幅。这表明当前周期要么比之前的周期明显更短且波动性更小,要么投资者的燃料更多。

新投资者陷入困境

评估短期持有者持有的供应量,我们可以看到从 2024 年 1 月开始大幅增长。这伴随着现货 ETF 上线后价格的爆炸性上涨,并反映了新需求的强劲流入。

然而,这种需求状况在最近几个月已达到增长的平台期,表明 2024 年第二季度供需之间已形成平衡。此后,由于获利的长期持有者减少,新买家入场增持的数量减少,供应过剩局面已让位于供应过剩。

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

在持续的牛市中,当短期持有者持有的亏损供应量达到约 100 万至 200 万 BTC 时,通常会形成局部底部。在更严重的情况下,亏损供应量可能会达到 200 万至 300 万 BTC 之间的峰值。

我们可以在最近的抛售中看到一个例子,当时价格跌至 53000 美元左右,导致超过 280 万枚 BTC 的持有者低于其持币成本。这是过去 12 个月内第二次发生这种情况, 2023 年 8 月是另一个例子,新投资者持有超过 200 万 BTC 处于未实现亏损状态。

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

我们可以通过计算超过 200 万短期持有者代币在至少 90 天内处于水下的天数来评估这些时期的强度。按照这个指标,到目前为止,该指标已经活跃了 20 天。

如果我们与 2021 年第二季度至第三季度的市场状况进行比较,短期持有者经历了更长时间的严重财务压力,连续 70 天。那段时间足以打破投资者的情绪,仅次于破坏性的 2022 年熊市。相比之下,这个周期目前相对来说还在形成中。

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

盈利停滞

随着现货价格的持续下跌,投资者实际利润与实际亏损之间的比率也随之下降。该指标目前已降至 0.50 至 0.75 的区间,这是牛市调整期间较为中性的水平。

我们还可以看到,在 2019 年至 2022 年的整个周期中,该指标也呈现出类似的剧烈波动模式,这可以看作是内在不稳定性与投资者不确定性的反映。

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

具体来看短期持有者的损失,我们可以看到本周这群人锁定了约 5.95 亿美元的实际损失。这是自 2022 年周期低点以来最大的亏损事件。

此外,在 5655 个交易日中,只有 52 个交易日(< 1% )录得更大的每日亏损额,凸显了以美元计算的这次调整的严重性。

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

然而,当我们将这些短期持有者的损失作为总投资财富的百分比(除以 STH 已实现市值)时,我们可以看到截然不同的景象。相对而言,与之前的牛市调整相比,这群人锁定的损失仍然相当典型。

在下图中,我们突出显示了(蓝色)时间段,其中短期供应持有的损失百分比和锁定的损失幅度都偏离平均值超过 1 个标准差。

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

从长期和短期持有者锁定的损失来看,我们注意到本周的亏损事件占比特币网络总资本流量的不到 36% 。

重大抛售事件,例如 2019 年 9 月、 2020 年 3 月和 2021 年 5 月的抛售,在几周的时间内,损失占资本流量的 60% 以上,两组都做出了重大贡献。

因此,可以说,当前的市场收缩与 2021 年第一季度的顶部形成之间的相似之处比严重的抛售事件更多。 尽管如此,需求方仍有责任遏制负面价格势头,否则投资者的盈利能力将继续恶化。

压力下的牛市:BTC本轮最深回调,谁在亏损谁还在盈利

总结

在 FTX 崩盘后,市场经历了 18 个月的上涨行情和 3 个月的横盘交易,经历了本周期最深的调整。尽管如此,与历史周期相比,当前周期的下跌仍然有利,表明市场基础结构相对稳健。

大幅收缩使大量短期持有者陷入严重未实现亏损的境地,给该群体带来了很大压力。然而,与市场规模相比,锁定的损失规模仍然相对较小。除此之外,长期持有者很少参与亏损,这表明尽管随后出现市场恐慌,但成熟投资者仍然有利可图。

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