Fortune 专访 Tether CEO Paolo: 个人成长经历 USDT 存在风险吗?比特币是终极货币

吴说Published on 2023-12-18Last updated on 2023-12-18

Abstract

Tether 是全球最大的稳定币发行商,但也因诸多原因备受争议。近年来,批评者一直对其 USDT(市值 900 亿美元)背后的储备资产提出质疑。

Tether 是全球最大的稳定币发行商,但也因诸多原因备受争议。近年来,批评者一直对其 USDT(市值 900 亿美元)背后的储备资产提出质疑。

然而,Tether 的新任首席执行官兼 Bitfinex 的首席技术官 Paolo Ardoino 表示,当其他加密货币公司甚至一些传统银行倒闭时,Tether 却蓬勃发展,他觉得自己得到了证明。

Ardoino 在接受《财富》杂志采访时谈到了 Bitfinex 在新兴市场的战略,以及他对币安和赵长鹏与美国当局和解的看法。

您是如何开始您的职业生涯的?

我从 8 岁开始学习编程。我记得一开始是父亲给我买了一台旧的 Olivetti 386 (Olivetti 是一家意大利老牌电脑公司),我是意大利人。当时父亲说买电脑花了他两个月的工资,我父亲是一名普通的雇员,也是一名农民,所以对他来说那是一笔很大的花销。从那时起,我就开始学习编码,我一直都对代码构建和创造事物感到兴奋,对我来说这是一种艺术形式。通过艺术,你可以创造宇宙;通过编码,你也可以做到这一点。后来,我去了热那亚的一所大学学习计算机,并从那里顺利毕业。我作为大学研究员工作了几年,参与了几个非常有趣的项目。但是,意大利工资非常低,我们在意大利创造了很多奇迹,但报酬却很少,所以我决定去看看别的东西。

我一直都对计算机科学中的许多东西感到兴奋,对艺术和编程、开源和分布式应用程序(那是在比特币出现之前)以及像 BitTorrent 这样的弹性网络充满了兴趣。在大学的私人时间里,我培养了这些技能,之后,我先是作为研究员工作,后来决定去看看其他东西。与此同时,我对金融产生了浓厚的兴趣,我认为金融是可以控制世界的东西之一。因此,我一直在关注金融如何影响社会。有时候我认为自己有点激进,所以我决定更加深入地了解金融。为此,我开始为一些对冲基金工作,这些机构需要为其对冲基金和投资组合管理构建软件。最终我来到了伦敦,创建了我的初创公司。那是在 2012 年、2013 年左右,我们有了一些客户,是为英国和瑞士市场的对冲基金和家族办公室开发软件。

您什么时候对加密货币感兴趣?您是如何开始涉足加密货币的?

大约在 12、13 年左右,我听说了比特币,之后阅读了比特币白皮书。比特币首先让我兴奋的是区块链技术,因为在金融领域的日常生活中,我花费了大量时间试图协调数十个不同交易场所、托管机构和清算所的数据。这实际上是因为旧的传统金融使用的技术太糟糕,落后了至少 30 年。

区块链是非常美丽的,因为每个拥有节点的人都会看到相同的数字,看到相同的东西。区块链可以帮助金融基础设施和技术基础设施实现现代化。所以我首先是从这个角度看待比特币的。几个月后,我开始将比特币视为一种货币,而且可能是世界上最重要的货币。

2014 年,我遇到了 Bitfinex 的首席财务官 Giancarlo Devasini。他有交易所,我有自己的初创公司。之后我同意加入并帮助 Bitfinex 解决当时的瓶颈——匹配引擎的速度,这是交易平台的核心部分。2014 年的 BitFinex 已经是全球排名靠前的交易所之一。当时的交易所还包括 Kraken 和 Coinbase、OkayCoin,然后是 Bitfinex 和 Bitstamp。Bitfinex 是因为有保证金交易而越来越受到关注,但匹配引擎却差强人意,所以我的任务就是解决这个问题。

从 2014 年到 2016 年,我只专注于撮合引擎和提高交易平台的速度。在 2016 年中期,Bitfinex 遭到黑客攻击,我被邀请担任其首席技术官,当时我对自己的工作是很有信心的。我证明了自己是一个能够构建复杂事物并能够提供优质产品的人,我的任务是负责整个平台而不仅仅是匹配引擎。

您能否告诉我更多有关 Bitfinex 在新兴市场不断扩张的战略?

我认为新兴市场(发展中国家)正是加密货币的用武之地。这些国家更容易受到本国货币贬值和通货膨胀的影响。每个人都受到通货膨胀的影响,即使是居住在美国的人。如果你居住在阿根廷、委内瑞拉,那么这是一个更加严重的问题。因此,我们认为为真正需要帮助的客户提供服务是非常重要的。当然,欧洲人对加密货币也非常兴奋,但我认为,在某种程度上,向欧洲人出售服务就像试图向因纽特人出售冰淇淋一样——他们不那么需要。欧洲和北美已经拥有世界上最好的交易和支付渠道。

类似 Bitfinex Pay 和 Bitfinex 这样点对点交易的工具就非常适合新兴市场,因为它们正是人们所需要的。而且我们坚信比特币和其他加密货币的潜力,可以为生活在新兴市场的许多人创造一种救生艇。例如,阿根廷因其多次拖欠债务,其法定货币变得不堪重负。想象一下,一个家庭存了 10 年的钱,突然就消失了。这实在是太不公平了,对吧?所以我认为这是历史上第一次人们可以选择退出,可以做出正确的选择来保护自己的家人免受本国央行错误决定的影响。

您如何看待赵长鹏和币安与美国检察官达成的交易?这种事情对 Bitfinex 有利吗?

与许多竞争对手不同,我们不喜欢幸灾乐祸。我认为一些首席执行官在某种程度上表现得趾高气扬,这是一件非常可悲的事情。我认为重要的是考虑自己的公司是否能变得更好,而不是期望他人的衰落助力自己生存。

与币安相比,Bitfinex 是一家较小的交易所。但我们为自己的合规工作和技术感到自豪。长期以来,我们放弃了各种不同的机会,只因为它们超出了我们的风险利益范围。而对于其他决定承担更多风险的交易所来说,情况并非如此。我们想赢得马拉松比赛,但绝不是靠其他人的摔倒而获得胜利。

自 10 月份接任 Tether 首席执行官以来,事情进展如何?您对公司的愿景是什么?

一切如常。无论是在 Bitfinex 还是 Tether,我始终认为自己不仅仅是一名开发人员。在过去的几年里,我开始参与公司战略方面的工作,之后越来越多地参与战略执行并成为 Bitfinex 和 Tether 的公众形象。目前,Tether 已经发展成为一个庞然大物,而我也证明了自己有能力领导团队。

我认为 Tether 是一家独一无二的公司。多年来,总有一些人在等待 Tether 崩溃,为加密行业的其他公司欢呼。我记得当时大部分主流媒体都在支持 FTX。当然,现在都在努力和它摆脱关系。就在一年零三个月前,每个人都在支持 FTX,每个人都在为 Celsius、BlockFi、Voyager 和 Genesis 欢呼,但这些公司都在去年轰然倒坍。

即使是在今年,也不断有一家又一家银行倒闭。例如,硅谷银行、Signature、Silvergate,还有瑞士信贷银行都破产了。因此,当我听到银行家或者加密行业的其他人指责我们时,我总是提醒他们事实是什么。

Tether 是这个行业中最可靠的公司,它一直在构建创新稳定币。而 Tether 的第二个创新是完全储备银行。所有的银行,正如硅谷、Silvergate、Signature 和瑞士信贷银行,它们的杠杆率都很高。就这些美国银行而言,它们都是利用市政债券,10 年、20 年、30 年的市政债券进行杠杆化。Tether 虽然受到严格审查,但始终证明是可靠的(即使 Tether 拥有商业票据)。

您认为为什么 USDT 最近与同行相比增长如此之多?

我认为原因很清楚。我们竞争对手的推销对象是华尔街、银行家和机构。正如我对 Bitfinex 所说的那样,对 Tether 来说也是如此。如果你在欧洲或美国,就不需要美元稳定币。每个人都有一个银行账户,有信用卡或借记卡,并且可以轻松获得贷款。

而有 30 亿人没有银行账户,被排除在金融体系之外,并不是说他们是坏人,而是他们太穷了,任何银行都不会感兴趣。所以我们不为美国客户提供服务,同时对欧洲客户也不感兴趣。我们的重点始终是发展中国家和新兴市场。

Tether 确实具有弹性,但同时它还没有发布完整的审计。这是有什么问题吗?

首先,我们所有强大的竞争对手都没有进行全面的审计。其次,并不是 Tether 不想进行全面审计。我已经公开说过很多次了,Tether 正在进行全面审计,并试图让一家大型审计公司进行全面审计。但看看美国国会发生的事情,他们建议审计师不要接受新的加密客户以及加密相关客户,尤其在 FTX 事件之后,审计师在加密领域接纳新客户可能会带来巨大的责任。

我们的证明也与竞争对手不同。如果你查看 BDO 发布的审计详细信息和流程,你会发现 BDO 实际上是如何要求我们的交易对手直接确认银行余额的。所以,他们不仅仅相信我们的话,他们的方法非常彻底。此外,我们还保留了 32 亿美元的超额准备金。我们可以分配这数十亿美元,这是我们的钱,我们的利润。但我们没有这样做,因为我们致力于使 Tether 成为加密货币领域乃至全世界最可靠的公司。

再说一次,所有银行都在做部分准备金,而 Tether 却没有。我们想要证明,成为一家健康的公司是可能的,并准备将绝大多数利润保留在公司内部,从而为用户提供额外的保证。对此,我们做得非常出色。当然,我们仍然致力于与审计师合作以获得审计,这是我们的首要任务。

您认为金融的未来是什么?

我不相信加密货币会扼杀金融。首先,我对加密货币和比特币做了很大的区分。对我来说,比特币是终极货币,是每个想要退出当前货币系统的人的保障和救生衣。但是现行制度存在严重缺陷,我不认为加密货币可以节省资金。

我认为现在比特币越来越多地进入并被传统金融体系所接受。比特币可以通过两种方式使用,通过 ETF、通过银行产品,或者如果人们愿意,他们可以选择退出并独立使用比特币。这是任何人都能拥有的最好的保障,这也是历史上第一次人们可以真正持有自己的钱。这是前所未有的事情,同时也改变了整个金融业。我认为比特币将迫使金融在未来几年变得更真实、更开放、更诚实。但比特币是一个新生儿,这需要时间,不过我认为这还是非常令人兴奋的。

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