以太坊又迎来重要升级,1600万ETH会不会解锁砸盘?

白话区块链Pubblicato 2023-01-20Pubblicato ultima volta 2023-01-20

Introduzione

以太坊底层的每一次重大升级,都会成为行业焦点,不管对生态参与者还是投资者,都是值得关注的大事。

去年9月15日讨论得轰轰烈烈的以太坊合并事件依然历历在目,以太坊的价格也从最低的800多U涨幅超过100%,达到将近2000U的小高峰。

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短短三个月之后,新的上海升级又来了。

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不得不说自从转PoS成功之后,以太坊升级的节奏快了很多,也给漫长沉闷的熊市带来了不少活力。

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首先,为什么叫上海升级?

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其实上次的以太坊合并就是一次大升级,名字叫巴黎升级,不过因为以太坊合并的名头盖过了巴黎升级,所以,巴黎升级不那么广为人知。

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不管是上海升级还是巴黎升级,都是以太坊重大升级节点中的一个,都是以Devcon以太坊开发者大会每年举办的城市来命名,所以,上海升级由此而来。

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2020年,上海区块链峰会上,以太坊创始人Vitalik说,公链的生态系统是其杀手锏。如果说,当时的以太坊生态是峥嵘初现的话,那么,如今的以太坊生态,毫无疑问已经成了加密行业中的巨无霸。

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作为底层公链的龙头,以太坊生态的发展已经让其他生态难以望其项背。

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自然,以太坊底层的每一次重大升级,都会成为行业焦点,不管对生态参与者还是投资者,都是值得关注的大事。

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1. 上海升级会带来什么?

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首先,对以太坊技术或相关参数设定的改进自然是每次升级都免不了的,比起比特币,以太坊所承担的功能复杂太多,在运行的过程中自然需要不断优化新出现的小问题。

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除此之外,这次上海升级最受关注的改变是:开放以太坊主链上质押的ETH提款。

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如果了解过以太坊之前发展历史的话,你一定知道:早在以太坊合并之前的2020年12月,就已经开放了ETH质押:

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任何拥有32个ETH且想参与质押的人,都可以去以太坊信标链上质押ETH获得奖励。

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当然,后面随着提供质押服务机构的出现,任何数量的ETH也都可以通过机构去参与质押获得奖励。

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以太坊官方质押数据显示,目前已经有超过1600万的ETH参与了质押,参与的验证者(即参与质押的人或机构)总数在50万以上,目前以太坊质押的APY在5.1%左右,如果是定期收益,这个APY可能不那么吸引人,要是变成活期呢?

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5.1%的APY,和银行利率比起来,是不是香很多?

所以,这也是上海升级被热炒的原因:上海升级一旦成功,以太坊主网上质押的ETH可以随存随取,相当于5%利率的活期存款!

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当然,ETH质押利率是一个动态博弈的过程,当质押的ETH数量较少时,质押回报率非常高,从下图官方公布的ETH质押APR图中看到,当质押总量为79万个时,APR可以达到17.6%!

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不过,当高APR吸引大量的ETH质押时,APR会慢慢下降,当ETH质押量达到1000万个时,APR将下降到5%左右,也就是现在的水平。

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但不管怎样,随着ETH质押量的增加,APR并不会无限地下降,APR曲线的下降将无限趋近于4.9%。

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想想银行0.3%的活期收益,熊市将近5%的APR是不是非常诱人?

所以,一旦放开质押提款,想必ETH的质押比率会大幅度提升,大量锁定参与PoS的ETH不仅有利于以太坊系统的安全性,而且,对于ETH未来的价格也是极大的利好。

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目前ETH被质押了1600多万,仅占流通市值13.91%。通过下图数据我们不难发现,一般主流的PoS公链,质押率几乎都在60%以上,当然,刨除掉部分公链token比较集中、市值相对不高的原因,作为去中心化程度最高的公链,一旦完全开放质押,ETH的质押率在现有质押率的基础上增加50%、达到20%的总质押率应该不难。

一旦ETH质押率在目前的基础上增加50%,那么对所有的质押生态参与方都是很大的利好,同时,也会释放空间和机会给更多的新进入者,这也是目前以太坊质押赛道被炒得火热的原因。

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2. 开放质押提款=ETH砸盘?

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不过,上海升级带来的质押ETH放开提款,1600多万的ETH被释放出来, 会不会给市场造成巨大的抛压导致ETH暴跌?

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其实这个问题不用太过担心。

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首先,根据上海升级规定,在ETH开放提款的过程中,提款的ETH数量和速度是有一些限制的,这样保障ETH的解锁是缓慢释放的过程,不会一下子涌入市场增加抛压。

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其次,在目前参与质押的ETH中,其中很大一部分(预计约60%以上)是可流动的。比如,质押在Lido中的ETH可以获得stETH,在DEX或其他平台中可以自由交易,对于那些没有长期质押意愿的验证者,可能早已退出以太坊质押生态,对于剩下的这些质押ETH来说,预计抛压不会太大。

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而且,上面提到的ETH质押开放提现带来的高确定性的、高利率活期质押,不仅会刺激新的ETH持有者参与质押,而且,对于正在质押的机构或巨鲸来说,继续质押也是更有利的选择。

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3. 以太坊质押赛道参与者

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那么目前,以太坊质押这个赛道有哪些参与方?哪些是值得关注的?

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从Dune数据来看,目前1600多万的ETH质押主要来自这五大类:流动性矿池33.2%、CEXs 28.4%、巨鲸 19.7%、矿池13.6%以及其他5.1%。

这几个大类里面,流动性矿池最近行业关注的焦点,毕竟,CEXs、矿池、巨鲸以及其他质押节点,从短期机会来说意义不大,中长期是布局的好机会。

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那么,目前流动性矿池的参与者又有哪些?下面这张图列出了目前ETH质押量排名Top9的流动性矿池项目。

其中排名前两个的Lido和Rocket Pool是最近热炒的项目。Lido是当之无愧的龙头了,质押ETH将近470万枚,占所有流动性质押ETH数量的87.42%,Rocket Pool虽然质押占比不高,但最近上了Binance平台,也受到极大的关注。

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当然,目前流动性质押ETH总量才占ETH质押量的33%,从下图的ETH质押来源变化图不难发现,随着ETH质押总量的上升,流动性质押ETH的比例是不断增加的,中心化交易平台、矿池等其他几个来源变化却不太明显。

按照我们上面的预测,一旦上海升级成功之后,以太坊主链上质押的ETH开放提款,相当于年化4.9%以上的ETH活期利率,可能刺激ETH的质押量的大规模提升。

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从上图趋势可见,ETH质押量的提升很可能带来流动性质押赛道的爆发性增长,除了目前列出来的这些项目之外,也会吸引更多的新进入者来掘金,值得持续关注。

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对于上海升级和最近吸睛的流动性质押赛道,你怎么看?欢迎评论区交流。

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