模块化区块链能否成为下一个牛市故事,它们有何特殊之处?

DeFi之道Pubblicato 2022-12-15Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-12-15

Introduzione

模块化区块链提供了优于单一设计的优势,例如提高可扩展性以解决区块链三难困境。

模块化区块链提供了优于单一设计的优势,例如提高可扩展性以解决区块链三难困境。

模块化区块链可能是开启全新加密世界的关键。这是下一次牛市的一个不断增长的故事。

是什么让模块化区块链与众不同,为什么要关注它们?

比特币和以太坊是单体区块链。

在单体区块链中,单层处理所有三个核心功能:

• 共识:确保就区块链的当前状态达成一致。

• 数据可用性:交易数据

• 执行:交易处理

单体区块链的问题是节点需要同时执行所有 3 个动作。 这不是一件容易的事。

它导致了区块链三难困境。例如,以太坊 L1 牺牲了可扩展性以实现去中心化。

这导致高昂的 gas 费和缓慢的交易。

这就是模块化区块链的用武之地。

模块化区块链只关注少数功能,并将其余功能卸载到单独的层。

它允许更好地专业化和优化特定任务。

模块化区块链由多层组成,每一层都有自己的专门功能。例如,一层可以处理执行,而另一层处理数据可用性,第三层处理共识。

例如,Rollups 通过将多笔交易捆绑到一笔交易中来处理事务执行。然后将数据发布到达成共识的第 1 层。

这就是 Optimistic rollups (Optimism/Arbitrum) 或 zkRollups (zkSync/Starkware) 的工作原理。

为了进一步提高可扩展性和最大化数据可用性,以太坊将采用分片设计。

简而言之:分片可以并行处理交易或充当不同区块链数据块的存储「仓库」。

这允许节点仅存储在其分片链上发布的数据,从而降低存储要求并提高性能。

这是一个复杂的话题,但这篇博文是一个好的入门:

由于 rollup 和分片,以太坊正在成为一个模块化的区块链。

分片正在分阶段开发——下一次升级 EIP-4844 将于 2023 年中期推出。

它将 L2 rollup 的成本降低 10-100 倍!

BitDAO 宣布了另一种模块化设计

BitDAO 将推出具有三层的「模块化以太坊第 2 层」:

• 一层用于交易执行

• 另一层用于交易的最终性

• 第三是数据可用性

Gas 费用将以 $BIT 支付

此外,模块化区块链允许轻松启动新的区块链,因为它们可以利用现有的模块化区块链来实现其卸载的功能。这减少了部署时间并最大限度地降低了成本。

Cosmos SDK 已经允许简单部署特定于应用程序的区块链。

然而,这些 Cosmos Hub (dApps) 没有共享安全性——但这将随着 Atom 2.0 和 Interchain Security 的推出而改变!

另一个例子是 Celestia。Celestia 自称是「第一个模块化区块链网络」。

它专注于共识和数据可用性,将执行卸载到单独的链上。它甚至没有智能合约。

Celestia 的「愿景是将 Cosmos 的主权互操作区与具有共享安全性的以 rollup 为中心的以太坊结合起来」。

在实践中,这意味着应用程序 / 链可以使用自己的治理规则快速启动,同时共享安全保证。

总的来说,模块化区块链提供了优于单一设计的优势,例如提高可扩展性以解决区块链三难困境。

Delphi Digital 称之为范式转变:「我们预计他们的网络效应在未来几年将变得越来越明显。」

Crypto di tendenza

Letture associate

The "Impossible Triad" Is Fundamentally a Pseudo-Problem

The article argues that blockchain's fundamental limitation is not the scalability trilemma (decentralization, scalability, security), which has been largely solved, but the lack of **privacy** and, until recently, clear **legitimacy**. Blockchain is described as a slow, expensive, globally shared computer whose core value is censorship resistance and verifiability. While ideal for native digital assets like money (e.g., stablecoins), its default transparency acts as a **tax**, exposing all transactions and enabling MEV extraction, which deters serious institutional capital. Simultaneously, its permissionless nature created regulatory ambiguity. The piece contends that **privacy** is the missing critical feature. It rejects the false choice between total transparency and complete anonymity. Modern cryptography (like zero-knowledge proofs) enables **compliant privacy**: users can prove facts (solvency, KYC status, compliance) without revealing the underlying sensitive data (specific holdings, identities). This preserves auditability for regulators and eliminates the leak of financial information. With recent regulatory progress (e.g., the GENIUS Act) addressing legitimacy, adding default, provably compliant privacy becomes a pure upgrade. It transforms blockchain from a costly, public ledger into a confidential settlement layer, finally bridging the gap to mainstream institutional and individual adoption of on-chain finance.

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The "Impossible Triad" Is Fundamentally a Pseudo-Problem

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Optical Chips: Collective Capacity Expansion

The global optical chip industry is experiencing a massive wave of expansion driven by surging AI data center demand. Major players across the US, Japan, Europe, and China are aggressively investing to ramp up production capacity. In the US, Coherent is expanding its 6-inch Indium Phosphide (InP) semiconductor fab in Texas, supported by CHIPS Act funding and a $2 billion strategic investment from NVIDIA. Lumentum is building a new factory for InP optical devices, and Nokia is scaling its advanced photonic chip packaging and testing capabilities. NVIDIA's investments aim to secure future supply of critical lasers and optical interconnect products for AI infrastructure. Japan's JX Advanced Metals, a leading InP substrate supplier, plans a multi-billion yen investment to increase its capacity 7-10 times, strengthening its grip on the crucial upstream materials market. In Europe, IQE and Tower Semiconductor settled a patent dispute and signed a multi-year InP epitaxial wafer supply agreement, highlighting that next-generation silicon photonics platforms will integrate high-performance InP components. STMicroelectronics and Sivers Semiconductors are also expanding silicon photonics production and partnerships. China is rapidly building out its domestic supply chain. Dongshan Precision's subsidiary, Source Photonics, announced a $12 billion project to expand optical chip and module production. Companies like Sanan Optoelectronics and Yunnan Germanium are scaling up InP chip manufacturing and substrate production, moving towards vertical integration from materials to modules. While debate continues around the exact future architecture—whether CPO (Co-Packaged Optics), NPO, or pluggables will dominate—analysts like Morgan Stanley argue the underlying driver is unchangeable: the explosive growth in bandwidth demand. This will inevitably increase the volume of optical engines, lasers, and related content per GPU, regardless of the final technical path. The competition for "more light" in the AI era has intensified into a global, full-chain capacity race.

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Optical Chips: Collective Capacity Expansion

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Stablecoins Finally Find Real Yield: An In-Depth Look at On-Chain Reinsurance Re | A Conversation with Re Founder Karan Saroya

Stablecoin Real Yield Found: A Deep Dive into On-Chain Reinsurance with Re's Karan Saroya As stablecoin supply exceeds $170 billion, the search for sustainable, non-speculative yield intensifies. Re, an on-chain reinsurance platform, provides an answer: connecting stablecoin capital to the trillion-dollar traditional reinsurance market. Re operates as a regulated reinsurer, accepting stablecoin deposits as collateral to back US insurance companies. These insurers pay premiums, generating yield that flows back to on-chain depositors. Currently supporting 35 insurers and underwriting $500 million, Re projects scaling to over $1 billion soon. Key insights from a Bankless podcast with founder Karan Saroya and investor Avichal of Electric Capital: 1. **Uncorrelated, Real-World Yield:** Re offers stablecoin holders access to reinsurance returns (targeting 12-14%+), an asset class entirely separate from crypto or equity markets. 2. **Operational Efficiency via Smart Contracts:** Re replaces traditional, labor-intensive capital fundraising with smart contracts, allowing a ~12-person team to compete with industry giants. 3. **Regulatory Leverage:** For every $1 of collateral, regulations allow backing $5-7 in written premiums. This leverage amplifies returns from the underlying risk-free rate. 4. **DeFi Integration:** Depositors receive receipt tokens, which can be used in protocols like Morpho for "looping," potentially pushing yields to 18-20%+. 5. **The "DeFi Mullet" Model:** A compliant front-end (regulated reinsurer) paired with a decentralized back-end (smart contracts, DeFi capital markets). 6. **RE Governance Token:** Modeled on Lloyd's of London, the token governs the central capital pool's allocation, counterparty acceptance, and parameters. 7. **Real Economic Impact:** Capital funds real-world productivity (factories, clinics, businesses) via insurance, moving beyond crypto's internal loops. The discussion highlights a pivotal moment: DeFi's supply-side infrastructure is now met by real demand for productive yield, potentially kickstarting a flywheel where vast on-chain stablecoin capital seeks these real-world returns.

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Stablecoins Finally Find Real Yield: An In-Depth Look at On-Chain Reinsurance Re | A Conversation with Re Founder Karan Saroya

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1996 or 1999? Walsh's First Test is 'How to View AI'

"1996 or 1999? Wall's First Big Test Is 'How to View AI'" Federal Reserve Chairman Wall's initial challenge is not whether to raise or cut rates, but a more fundamental judgment: what kind of boom is the current AI boom? This will determine the Fed's policy path and define his legacy. Economics is split between two opposing views, according to reporter Nick Timiraos. One sees imminent productivity gains that will increase supply and cool inflation, allowing the Fed to hold steady. The other argues that while productivity benefits are distant, demand shocks are here now, and waiting for data confirmation risks missing the intervention window, forcing sharper rate hikes later. Wall has signaled a leaning toward the first view, echoing 1996-era Alan Greenspan, who embraced strong, productivity-driven growth without fear of inflation. However, Wall faces a different macro environment than Greenspan did, with tariff pressures, expanding fiscal deficits, and diminishing globalization benefits, which could force more significant inflation pressures even if AI benefits materialize. Wall's logic, expressed before taking office, is that AI-driven productivity gains won't show in official data for years. If the Fed waits for confirmation, it might mistakenly tighten policy and choke off the very growth that could suppress inflation. This argues for using forward-looking narratives over lagging data. Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee presents a key counter-argument. He distinguishes between expected and unexpected productivity booms. A widely anticipated boom, like the current AI wave, can cause people to spend future wealth gains in advance, overheating the economy before productivity actually rises, thus requiring preemptive rate hikes. He cites rising costs for AI data centers as evidence of such overheating. Fed Governor Christopher Waller offers a rebuttal to Goolsbee, noting the "expected spending" mechanism only works if people can borrow against future income, which many households cannot do due to borrowing constraints. Wall also faces a paradox related to his desire to reduce the Fed's use of "forward guidance" (pre-announcing policy moves). This practice was established in 1999 when Greenspan began signaling hikes to avoid market shocks. If the economy follows a less optimistic path, Wall may be forced to choose between using the guidance he wants to abolish or risking market volatility by staying silent. The ultimate question defining Wall's first major test remains: Is this 1996 or 1999?

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