以太坊 Gas 费真的越低越好吗?

区块律动Pubblicato 2022-09-23Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-09-23

Introduzione

高 Gas 会导致糟糕的用户体验,但也能为以太坊带来性感的市盈率。

高 Gas 会导致糟糕的用户体验,但也能为以太坊带来性感的市盈率。

对 ETH 持有者来说,高昂的 Gas 费是一把双刃剑:

好处是:高费用意味着高的市盈率,能带来更多的质押者收益,并对 ETH 供应施加通缩压力。

坏处是:用户体验会很糟糕,因为用户要被迫为 Uniswap 交易支付三位数的 Gas。

ETH 最理想的目标是在产生费用的同时避免过于昂贵的交易费用,这在 Layer 1 公链(如以太坊)上是困难的,因为一旦区块空间被填满,费用会以很快的速度增长。在区块被填满之前,交易基本上是免费的,一旦他们被填满,用户出价很快就会提高每个人的费用。

在当前市场上,大多数人认为交易需求已跌落悬崖,因为目前的平均交易成本约为牛市高峰时期的 1/20。但是,将其视为交易需求下降了 95% 是不正确的。

由于这种费用很容易飙升的动态,以太坊不会产生大量的费用(而今天的其他 L1 公链甚至几乎不会产生任何费用)。

以太坊的最佳选择可能是:

1. 二层网络,即 L2 开始在 L1 费用中占据更大的份额。这将意味着从目前 L2 消耗的 2% 的 Gas 转向 25-30% 的范围。

2. 由于巨鲸活动,L1 上的「旧版」应用程序仍不断产生大量费用。

3. 在绝对交易量和用户数量方面,L2 迅速超越以太坊 L1。

所有这些都可以保证即使需求飙升至超出我们在之前牛市中看到的水平,以太坊费用仍将稳定在 30-40 gwei 和略微通缩的水平。比这个标准稍高一点,就说明 L2 很可能「还没有完成他们的工作」,我们也就会看到和以太坊竞争的 L1 市场份额的大幅增加。

在刚才描述的这种动态关系中,ETH 质押者将获得约 3-4% 的实际收益率。它分别来自:

1. 稀释非抵押 ETH,占 1%(这将随着时间的推移显著降低到这些水平)。

2.MEV,占 1%(可能更高)。

3. 小费,占 1-2%。

我想表达的是:

1. 如果 ETH 市盈率变得太有吸引力,就是在看跌以太坊,因为这意味着 L2 还没有让用户上手。

2. L2 应该保证始终「合理」的 Gas 水平,但 L1 上的「旧版」应用活动将使 ETH 保持通缩。

3. 由于这些因素,ETH 质押者的实际收益率在很长一段时间内「不应该」超过 3-4%。最终,如果这项技术成功,需求将永远超过区块空间供应。

理想情况下,这种动态关系会随着时间的推移呈现如下趋势:

Crypto di tendenza

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This article details serious allegations of fraud against Bitcoin infrastructure company Blockstream, founded by Bitcoin pioneer Adam Back. In June 2024, investigative account NatInfoSec published a report accusing Blockstream's mining note (BMN) program of potentially operating a multi-billion dollar scheme with Ponzi-like characteristics. The core allegations focus on Blockstream Mining Notes (BMNs), which offer investors fixed annual yields up to approximately 20% from Bitcoin mining. NatInfoSec's investigation raises several key issues: 1. **Suspicious Hashrate & Payout Capacity**: The analysis suggests Blockstream would need 20-45 EH/s of mining power to cover its BMN obligations, but its public dashboard shows only around 15 EH/s. Furthermore, no verifiable public evidence (e.g., grid connection records, import data) was found to support the massive mining operation required. 2. **Questionable Payout Source**: The BMN contract allows Blockstream to use Bitcoin from *any source* (Substitute Performance BTC) to fulfill investor payouts, raising concerns that payouts may not come from actual mining revenue. 3. **High-Risk, Fixed Returns**: Offering ~20% fixed yields in the volatile, cyclical Bitcoin mining industry is viewed as highly unusual and requires clear explanation. 4. **Undisclosed Criminal Record of Key Figure**: Christopher William Cook, a key figure in Blockstream's mining operations and CEO of spin-off Exacore, was found to have a federal felony conviction for mail fraud in 2008, a fact not disclosed in BMN offering documents. His background was also allegedly embellished. 5. **Potential Contagion to BSTR SPAC**: Questions were raised about whether these liabilities and Cook's record should have been disclosed in the SEC filings for Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company (BSTR), a separate Adam Back-associated firm planning a SPAC merger. The crypto community is divided. BitMEX Research validated Cook's criminal record and expressed concern over the high yields but found other evidence lacking or misleading, noting the legal separation between BMN, Blockstream, and BSTR. Blockstream defenders, like Samson Mow, argue the mining is real. Critics, however, emphasize the lack of independent, verifiable proof of the mining operation's scale and the true source of investor payouts. The article concludes that BMN remains shrouded in key unanswered questions regarding its actual size, the verifiability of its underlying mining assets and payouts, the source of its high yields, and the full role and disclosure concerning Chris Cook. Blockstream had not issued a comprehensive response at the time of writing.

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This article details allegations of serious fraud surrounding the crypto company Blockstream, founded by Bitcoin pioneer Adam Back. Investigation account NatInfoSec accuses Blockstream of raising billions through its Blockstream Mining Note (BMN) products, which offer high fixed yields of up to 20% from purported mining revenue. The core allegations are: 1) Blockstream's public mining hash rate (15 EH/s) appears insufficient to cover the massive payout obligations from sold BMN notes, raising questions about the true source of investor payouts. 2) Key executive Christopher William Cook, central to the mining operations, has a prior federal conviction for mail fraud, a fact not disclosed to investors. Cook's background and lavish lifestyle are highlighted as red flags. 3) The structure allows payouts from any source of BTC, not necessarily mining revenue, which critics argue gives it Ponzi-like characteristics. The controversy also touches on Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company (BSTR), a related entity planning a SPAC上市. Critics question whether BMN's liabilities and Cook's record should be disclosed in BSTR's filings. BitMEX Research offered a tempered analysis, confirming Cook's criminal record is likely true and the high yields concerning, but found other claims like insufficient抵押证据 less substantiated. Community debate centers on the need for verifiable proof of Blockstream's mining output and revenue. The article concludes that while fraud is not proven, BMN presents significant, unresolved questions regarding its actual scale, the source of its high fixed returns, the verifiability of its mining operations and payouts, and the full disclosure of associated risks and personnel backgrounds. Blockstream has not yet issued a formal response.

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