优先股不是企业破产的导火索,微策略美元储备可以支付股息利息到27年2月

marsbitPubblicato 2026-06-24Pubblicato ultima volta 2026-06-24

Introduzione

本文探讨了微策略公司(MicroStrategy)的优先股融资策略及其对公司财务稳定性的影响。优先股在法律上属于股权,但经济上具有债权属性,定期支付固定股息。微策略使用的优先股无刚性赎回条款,在财务上不计入传统负债,因此不会引发破产清算。若短期资金不足,公司可累计或暂停支付优先股股息,待市场好转后通过增发普通股融资补发。 微策略面临的真正风险在于可转债,最早一批将于2027年9月到期,若无法转股则需偿付本金,可能被迫出售比特币引发市场踩踏。但作者认为届时熊市可能已结束,风险可控。 近期微策略通过发行普通股融资,美元储备增至14亿美元,足以支付优先股股息至2027年2月,且未新增优先股,降低了未来股息支出压力。公司融资力度加强,但比特币增持速度放缓,短期不利股价却提升了长期安全性。随着比特币进入上升通道,微策略可通过增发普通股补充资金,优先股股息压力将逐渐减小。

作者:TVBee

┈➤优先股既是天才又是流氓

优先股是一种非常特殊的融资工具,它法律地位是股权,但经济上具有很强的债权属性。

而财务处理上,既有按负债处理的,也有按权益处理的。

╰✦债权性的一面

优先股股东不会因为公司大赚而获得高额分红,而是像债权一样可以按一定的股息率定期获得股息。

STRC除外,STRC股息率是浮动的,但在一定时间内、其股息率也是固定的。

另一方面,STRC和常见的普通股的分红方向正好相反。

普通企业效益好时,普通股可能会派发更多股息。但是BTC上涨时,STRC的股息率却不需要提高。

反而BTC下跌时,微策略可能需要提高STRC的股息率,以便发售STRC融资。

所以说STRC和微策略其他固定股息率的优先股一样,面子是股权,里子具有较强的债权属性。

╰✦股权性的一面

除非具有一些刚性的赎回和支付条件等债务类条款(这类优先股在财务上被纳入负债),优先股在财务上,通常被计入权益类科目:在企业破产清算前没有还本压力,优先股股息也不是强制负债。

这就是saylor使用优先股融资的神奇之处,没有刚性的赎回和支付条款,所以微策略的这几种优先股在财务上,都不是传统意义上负债。

所以微策略的优先股:

不算传统负债 →本金不会引发资不抵债, →仅股息停发不会引起债务违约 →不会引发破产清算 →没有还本压力

权益类优先股本身形成了一个自我矛盾式的良性循环,有点天才。

因此优先股又被戏称“无期限的流氓杠杆”。

┈➤优先股股息付不起?可以累计

如果短时间,微策略资金不足以支付优先股股息,那么先欠着就可以。STRD是股息不累计的,甚至欠着都不需要,直接停发即可。

等BTC恢复上涨以后,微策略可以继续发售普通股,获得资金用于补发优先股股息。

┈➤微策略破产的关键在于可转债

除非BTC长时间熊下去,市场非常悲观,微策略长时间无法通过发售MSTR融资,一直到可转债到期时,如果不满足转股条件,微策略需要偿还可转债,此时微策略可能才会被迫出售BTC,形成循环踩踏。

而在可转债引发循环踩踏时,优先股股息才会加剧这种死亡循环。

所以,优先股股息停发,会引发BTC市场的情绪性恐慌。而可转债才会引发真正的危机。

但是微策略可转债最早面临偿付的时间是2027年9月16日。这个时间很大概率熊市已经结束了。

┈➤微策略的美元储备

6月15~21日,微策略融资3.355亿美元,全部为发行MSTR的收入,没有增发优先股。

买入520枚BTC,美元储备从11亿增加到14亿美元。

优先股股息可以覆盖到27年2月的全部,以及27年3月的一半左右。

第一,微策略最近4周,完全没有增发任何优先股,也就是没有增加未来的股息支出,没有扩大风险。

第二,微策略最近4周,通过发行普通股 $MSTR ,依次融资 $128.3、$181、$209和$333.5 million,加强了融资力度。

第三,微策略最近4周,增持的BTC分别为-32枚、1550枚、1587枚和520枚。融资额增加,但是买入BTC并没有增加,所以短期对 $MSTR 有点不利,但长期增加了微策略系统的安全性。

到明年3月,BTC熊市大概率已经结束。BTC和MSTR进入上升通道以后,微策略可以继续增发MSTR融资,并用其中一部分资金补充美元储备,以支付未来的优先股股息。

随着BTC和MSTR的上涨,优先股股息的支出和压力将渐渐变小。

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Domande pertinenti

Q文章中提到的优先股在财务处理上通常被归为哪类科目?为什么?

A优先股在财务处理上通常被计入权益类科目。这是因为除非具有刚性的赎回和支付条件等债务类条款(这类优先股才会被纳入负债),否则在企业破产清算前,优先股没有还本压力,其股息也不是强制负债。

Q根据文章,微策略的优先股被称作什么,这体现了它怎样的特点?

A微策略的优先股被戏称为“无期限的流氓杠杆”。这体现了它既具有股权的属性(没有到期还本压力,股息非强制,不会直接引发破产),又具有债权的属性(能像债务一样提供稳定的融资),形成了一种独特的、对发行方相对有利的融资结构。

Q如果微策略短期内资金不足以支付优先股股息,可以怎么做?

A如果微策略短期内资金不足以支付优先股股息,可以先欠着,即让股息累计。对于STRD这类股息不累计的优先股,甚至可以直接停发股息。等未来BTC价格上涨、市场环境好转后,微策略可以通过增发普通股MSTR进行融资,再用所得资金补发之前累计或停发的优先股股息。

Q文章认为,微策略真正的破产风险关键来源于哪种金融工具?

A文章认为,微策略真正的破产风险关键来源于可转债。除非BTC长时间处于熊市,导致微策略的可转债到期时无法满足转股条件,公司需要动用现金偿还可转债,这才可能迫使微策略出售BTC,从而引发资产价格下跌的恶性循环。而优先股股息问题更多是加剧情绪恐慌。

Q根据文章,微策略最近的融资行为(6月15-21日)对公司的财务安全有何积极影响?

A微策略最近通过发行普通股MSTR融资,而没有增发优先股,这增加了美元储备(从11亿增至14亿美元),且没有增加未来的固定股息支出。这笔储备足以覆盖优先股股息到2027年2月及3月部分。此举在熊市中加强了公司的现金安全垫,降低了短期流动性风险,为应对市场波动提供了缓冲。同时,融资力度加大但买入BTC的节奏放缓,也体现了管理层在长期安全与短期增长之间的权衡。

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