Ray Dalio Artikel Baru: Dunia Sedang Memasuki Siklus Perang

Judul Asli:The Big Thing: We Are In A World War That Isn』t Going To End Anytime Soon

Penulis Asli:Ray Dalio

Kompilasi Asli:Peggy,BlockBeats

Catatan Editor: Ketika pasar masih berputar di sekitar pertanyaan jangka pendek seperti "Berapa lama konflik akan berlangsung" dan "Seberapa tinggi harga minyak akan naik", artikel ini mencoba menarik perspektif kembali ke skala waktu yang lebih panjang. Pendiri Bridgewater Associates Ray Dalio percaya bahwa serangkaian konflik regional saat ini sedang menyatu menjadi sebuah "konflik tingkat dunia" yang belum secara jelas dinamai, dengan logika evolusi yang lebih mendekati tahapan siklus menjelang malam perang besar dalam sejarah.

Melalui perspektif "Siklus Besar", artikel ini memecah situasi saat ini menjadi serangkaian perubahan struktural yang terjadi bersamaan: realignment blok, eskalasi konflik perdagangan dan modal, jalur kunci yang "dijadikan senjata", konflik multi-teater yang berlangsung paralel, serta tekanan bertahap pada politik domestik dan sistem keuangan. Dalam kerangka ini, konflik AS-Iran bukan lagi hanya masalah Timur Tengah, tetapi menjadi sebuah pintu masuk untuk mengamati rekonfigurasi tatanan global—bagaimana hal itu mempengaruhi kepercayaan sekutu, alokasi sumber daya, dan pengambilan keputusan strategis, yang kemudian meluap ke wilayah yang lebih luas seperti Asia dan Eropa.

Yang lebih perlu diperhatikan adalah, artikel ini berulang kali menekankan sebuah variabel yang terabaikan: kemenangan perang tidak ditentukan oleh kekuatan absolut, tetapi oleh kemampuan masing-masing pihak untuk menahan konsumsi jangka panjang. Penilaian ini mengalihkan analisis dari "siapa yang lebih kuat" menjadi "siapa yang bisa bertahan lebih lama", dan juga menempatkan AS pada posisi yang lebih kompleks—sebagai negara terkuat saat ini, tetapi juga pihak yang paling "terlalu terbentang" dalam komitmen globalnya.

{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"Menurut Ray Dalio, mengapa dunia sedang memasuki siklus perang yang tidak akan segera berakhir?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Ray Dalio berpendapat bahwa dunia sedang memasuki siklus perang yang tidak akan segera berakhir karena serangkaian konflik regional (seperti Rusia-Ukraina, Israel-Gaza, Yaman, dan AS-Iran) serta perang non-tempur (perdagangan, ekonomi, teknologi) saling terhubung dan membentuk dinamika perang global yang khas, mirip dengan Perang Dunia sejarah. Konflik-konflik ini saling mempengaruhi dan diperparah oleh perubahan struktural seperti pembentukan aliansi, penguatan jalur perdagangan, dan tekanan finansial."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Apa saja lima kekuatan besar (big forces) yang menggerakkan 'siklus besar' menurut Dalio?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Lima kekuatan besar yang menggerakkan 'siklus besar' menurut Dalio adalah: 1) Siklus besar uang, utang, dan ekonomi dalam tatanan dan ketidakteraturan moneter; 2) Kerusakan tatanan politik dan sosial akibat kesenjangan kekayaan dan perpecahan nilai; 3) Kerusakan tatanan regional dan global akibat kesenjangan kekayaan dan perpecahan nilai; 4) Kemajuan teknologi besar yang digunakan untuk tujuan damai dan perang, serta gelembung finansial yang menyertainya; 5) Peristiwa alam seperti kekeringan, banjir, dan pandemi."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Mengapa Dalio menilai bahwa kemenangan dalam perang lebih ditentukan oleh kemampuan menahan penderitaan daripada kekuatan absolut?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Dalio berargumen bahwa kemenangan dalam perang tidak ditentukan oleh kekuatan absolut, tetapi oleh kemampuan suatu negara untuk menahan penderitaan lebih lama, karena perang tidak dimenangkan dengan melemahkan musuh melainkan ketika musuh menyerah. Sejarah (seperti perang Korea, Vietnam, Irak, dan Afghanistan) menunjukkan bahwa AS, meskipun paling kuat, adalah negara yang paling rentan dalam menahan penderitaan jangka panjang karena keterlibatan globalnya yang berlebihan dan kurangnya dukungan publik domestik."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Apa saja contoh konflik potensial yang diidentifikasi Dalio dan bagaimana probabilitasnya dalam 5 tahun ke depan?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Dalio mengidentifikasi beberapa konflik potensial: 1) Perang Iran-AS-Israel (sudah berlangsung, terus meningkat); 2) Perang langsung Ukraina-NATO-Rusia (probabilitas 30-40%); 3) Perang terkait Korea Utara (probabilitas 40-50%); 4) Konflik Laut China Selatan-Filipina-China-AS (probabilitas 30%). Secara keseluruhan, probabilitas setidaknya satu konflik terjadi dalam 5 tahun ke depan lebih dari 50%."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Bagaimana Dalio menggambarkan pergeseran tatanan dunia dari perspektif 'siklus besar'?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Dalio menggambarkan bahwa tatanan dunia telah bergeser dari tatanan yang dipimpin AS dan sekutunya (seperti G7) berbasis aturan multilateral, menjadi tatanan tanpa kekuatan dominan tunggal yang lebih mengikuti prinsip 'kekuatan adalah kebenaran' (might makes right). Dunia sekarang lebih menyerupai tatanan pra-1945 dalam sejarah, yang berarti akan ada lebih banyak konflik karena tidak ada penjaga tatanan yang jelas."}}]}

Letture associate

The Trillion-Yuan Market Cap 'Yi Zhong Tian': Who is the True Value King?

The article analyzes the three leading Chinese optical module companies, collectively nicknamed "Yi Zhong Tian": Xinyisheng, Zhongji Innolight, and TFC Optical Communication. It evaluates their "cost-performance" not by current stock price, but through three lenses: PEG ratio (growth vs. valuation), earnings quality, and premium/discount for certainty. Xinyisheng shows the most attractive PEG ratio and high profitability, but its valuation reflects discounts for risks like high customer concentration and reliance on overseas markets. Zhongji Innolight, the most expensive, commands a premium for its market leadership, dominant share in key products like 800G/1.6T modules, and higher earnings certainty, though it faces geopolitical risks. TFC Optical, as an upstream component supplier ("water seller"), has the highest gross margin and bets on the long-term CPO/NPO architecture trend, but trades at a high valuation with more stable, less explosive growth. The core argument is that while these companies dominate module assembly, the true profit pool and technological moat lie upstream in laser and switch chips, currently controlled by U.S. firms like Lumentum and Coherent. The long-term "cost-performance" for these Chinese leaders hinges on whether the domestic industry, exemplified by companies like Yuanjie Technology, can successfully move up the value chain into high-power laser chips. Otherwise, their high growth may remain confined to the lower-margin assembly segment.

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marsbit10 min fa

Has the Crypto Market Bottomed? Here's What Institutions Think

The crypto market is in a period of significant debate, with leading institutions offering differing views on whether a bottom has been reached. Three prominent firms have published detailed analyses: * **Galaxy Digital** argues Bitcoin has **not yet bottomed**. Their analysis of 13 historical indicators across six dimensions (valuation, profit-taking, miner pressure, etc.) shows only four are fully met. They project a potential bottom range between $30k and $54k. * **NYDIG** states a bottom is **possible but not likely**. While metrics are close to historic bear market extremes, they note the absence of a classic panic-selling event. They also suggest increased institutional adoption may have structurally altered the market cycle, potentially leading to a shallower downturn. * **Standard Chartered Bank** asserts the **bottom has already occurred** at around $59k. They cite two key factors: potential US-Iran diplomatic progress and the anticipated SpaceX IPO, which they believe absorbed capital and caused ETF selling pressure that is now subsiding. They forecast a year-end price target of $100k. Despite the surface-level disagreement, the reports share critical common ground more valuable for long-term investors: 1. All three believe the market bottom will form **within this year**. 2. All agree the current price is **closer to the bottom than to previous highs**. 3. All maintain a **bullish long-term outlook** for Bitcoin and a new cycle. The core takeaway is that while the exact bottom price ($40k, $50k, or $60k) is debated, the consensus is that a bottom is imminent. For long-term holders, the primary focus should not be pinpointing the absolute low, but on the future potential for prices to reach $100k, $200k, or higher. The fundamental thesis for Bitcoin—sovereign debt accumulation, inflation, declining trust in centralized institutions, global digitization, and improved accessibility—remains intact and is arguably strengthening. The overall landscape is viewed as more favorable than in previous crypto winters.

marsbit20 min fa

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The 'Chip' Challenge and Breakthroughs in China's Optical Industry Chain

China's Photonics Industry: Bottlenecks and Breakthroughs In the global AI race, computing chips dominate the narrative, but the underlying bottleneck increasingly defining the scale of AI clusters is light—or more specifically, optical connectivity. Optical modules, which translate electrical signals to light and vice versa, are crucial for connecting thousands of GPUs in AI data centers, preventing data congestion and ensuring efficient model training. High-speed modules (800G, 1.6T) are now standard, with performance hinging on advanced DSP (Digital Signal Processor) chips. This is where a critical dependency lies. Two US giants—Marvell and Broadcom—collectively dominate over 90% of the high-end DSP chip market. Chinese optical module leaders like Zhongji Innolight and Eoptolink rely on these chips to manufacture modules for overseas AI customers, primarily in North America. While this creates a supply chain vulnerability, complete decoupling is difficult. Marvell derives over half its revenue from Greater China, and the US firms depend on Chinese partners for chip packaging and optical components. The risk from laser chips (e.g., from Lumentum), another key component, is considered more manageable due to multiple global suppliers and faster progress in domestic alternatives from companies like YOFC and Accelink. To mitigate risks, China's industry is pursuing a multi-pronged strategy: diversifying supply chains and locking in long-term orders; fostering a domestic market ecosystem to adopt homegrown DSPs from firms like Huawei HiSilicon and CETC; accelerating R&D in high-speed DSPs and advanced packaging; and investing in next-gen technologies like silicon photonics and Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) to reduce reliance on discrete DSPs. The ultimate solution lies not in short-term博弈 but in persistent advancement of domestic high-end chip R&D and manufacturing. While challenges remain in performance, certification, and ecosystem building, China's vast domestic market and manufacturing base provide a crucial buffer, buying time for the industry to achieve greater technological independence.

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Behind SpaceX's $2 Trillion Market Cap: Why Does Musk Always Have the Next Move Planned?

On June 12th, SpaceX debuted on the Nasdaq, reaching a valuation that briefly touched $2 trillion. This marked the culmination of a 24-year journey from its founding in 2002, driven by Elon Musk's frustration at the high cost of buying rockets. The company's path was defined by early failures, with its first three Falcon 1 launches ending in explosions before a successful 2008 flight opened the era of commercial spaceflight. Key to its model was a fixed-price NASA contract, incentivizing cost reduction. SpaceX mastered rocket reusability, first achieving a Falcon 9 landing in 2015, which drastically cut launch costs. This enabled its profitable Starlink satellite internet constellation, envisioned years before reusability was proven, to create an internal market for frequent launches. Similarly, the next-generation Starship rocket was in development long before its first flight, with its business case evolving from Mars colonization to supporting the emerging concept of in-orbit data centers for AI—a story now central to its valuation. The company's recent IPO, a reversal of its long-standing "no IPO" stance, is funding this ambitious "space-based compute" vision. While major tech players like Google, Blue Origin, and others are investing heavily, significant technical and cost hurdles remain. Ultimately, SpaceX's history is one of creating its own demand: first with Starlink and now with space-based AI compute, betting that its next rocket will enable its next giant market.

marsbit37 min fa

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USDe Circumvents GENIUS Act Yield Ban: How Synthetic Dollars Became Crypto's Most Successful Gray Area?

In drafting the GENIUS Act, Congress prohibited licensed payment stablecoin issuers from paying interest or yield to holders—a rule that forced changes for USDC. However, Ethena's USDe, a rapidly growing "yield dollar," operates outside this regulation. USDe is a delta-neutral synthetic dollar backed by crypto collateral and hedged perpetual futures positions, generating yield from funding rates rather than traditional reserves. Because it doesn't fit the legal definition of a payment stablecoin, the GENIUS Act's restrictions do not apply. USDe's supply peaked above $14 billion in 2025, making it a top-three dollar-denominated crypto asset. Its model carries distinct risks, notably dependence on sustained positive funding rates and vulnerability during market deleveraging events, as seen in a brief depeg in October 2025. Regulatory approaches differ: Germany's BaFin banned USDe sales, viewing it as an unregistered security, while U.S. institutional capital, like Janus Henderson, has embraced it for treasury management. The GENIUS Act defined and regulated payment stablecoins but left synthetic dollars like USDe in a gray area. The unresolved question is whether future regulations will address this category or if yield will continue migrating to undefined spaces.

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