区块链投资困境:理想丰满,现实骨感

比推Pubblicato 2025-09-25Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-09-25

作者:刘红林

原标题:什么样的区块链公司才值得投资


今天下午和一位政府背景的区块链产业基金负责人交流。话题很多,主旨一句话:「基金有钱,但就是投不出去。」

这话听着挺扎心。毕竟区块链在媒体上是大风口,资本市场动不动就是几亿美元的融资案例,可到了国内真要投,尤其是带着官方背景的产业基金,现实却完全不是那么回事。

投境外,发币的一律不行,这是红线;交易所、金融牌照类更别提,资金出境的门槛困难重重。那投境内呢?结果更尴尬:要么是联盟链,要么是换了个「区块链」壳子的 IT 外包公司。真要往里砸钱,谁心里也没底。

最后我们互相一笑,达成共识:走一步看一步????。

但这个笑背后,其实是整个行业的尴尬:理论上能讲的赛道不少,现实中却几乎都跑不通。

RWA 这两年确实成了最热的方向之一。逻辑听上去也没什么硬伤:把项目预期收益、应收账款、票据、设备租赁、碳资产这类现实资产,用区块链技术上链、通证化、流转、拆分,理论上既能兼容传统金融体系,又能避免发币争议,看起来是非常正经的赛道。行业里也不乏一些探索案例,比如蚂蚁数科和朗新集团尝试过把充电桩的收益权做成通证化产品,依靠物联网设备实时采集数据并上链,据说融资效率大幅度提升;还有机构在房地产、票据、债券等领域做过资产证券化 + 区块链桥接的尝试,这些案例都显示出区块链与实体经济结合的可能性。问题在于,大多数项目停留在探索和试点阶段,很难走向真正规模化。障碍其实大家都心知肚明:法律确权不清晰、合规监管高度不确定、二级市场流动性不足、估值复杂、链上链下连接脆弱、创业团队跨界能力有限,这些问题叠加起来,往往让一个本该有想象力的 RWA 项目卡在半路。于是就出现了典型的现实路径:有的永远停在概念或沙盒阶段,做了媒体报道却没有后续;有的则退化成普通的数据服务或展示工程,区块链味道越来越淡;即便能撑下来,体量也小得可怜,不足以吸引资本,甚至还可能遭遇监管收紧被迫收口。于是,RWA 能写进报告,却很难写进财报。

区块链安全与合规同样是个看似妥妥的刚需。监管要透明可追溯,金融机构对风险过敏,智能合约里一个漏洞可能就是千万级的损失,跨境转账里一个洗钱通道可能就是牌照风险和巨额罚单。听上去,只要有公司能做链上审计、风控、反洗钱合规,就一定能卖得出去。事实上,也确实有不少团队技术过硬:有的能对合约代码做自动化扫描,几分钟生成漏洞清单;有的能追踪资金流向,帮助识别可疑交易;把传统反洗钱模型搬到区块链场景里,用算法标注高风险地址。单从技术水准看,这些产品放到全球市场都不输国际头部厂商。但技术过硬不等于生意好做。金融机构的采购是一道几乎无法逾越的强关系壁垒。银行、券商、保险公司在采购合规工具时,首先看的不是技术,而是背书:有没有监管推荐?是不是和四大审计或大型 IT 厂商有合作?是不是已经在同业里有成功案例?这些资源,一个初创公司往往都不具备。于是就出现了尴尬的局面:有的团队连续两年参加各类安全大赛,屡屡获奖,但在商务上处处碰壁;有的公司拿到过地方政府的创新补贴,却依然签不下一家银行,只能靠写研究报告、搞培训班收学费来维持生计。这不是伪需求,而是真需求,但它像一堵高墙横在创业公司面前:没有资源,根本连展示的机会都没有;有了资源,才发现市场本身可能也没想象的大。于是,它成了创业圈里最典型的「看上去最靠谱,做下去最绝望」的赛道之一。

产业应用则是区块链最容易被寄予厚望的场景。新能源、碳交易、跨境电商、医疗数据,每一个都能在 PPT 上讲出战略级的故事:多方参与、缺乏信任、需要公开透明,区块链的「去中心化账本」听上去就是为这些场景量身定制的。理论上,它能解决产业协作中的信任缺口,甚至还能叠加金融化,提升效率、拓展市场。但真正跑起来时,情况往往大相径庭。碳资产上链的确做过不少尝试:搭个平台、上几笔碳减排数据、挂上一块实时滚动的大屏幕,看上去很先进,可财政补贴一停,平台就凉了。跨境电商追溯也是老故事,区块链能做全链条可验证,但数据库同样能做,而且更便宜。客户最直接的问题永远是:「为什么我要为一个『信任』多掏钱?」医疗数据共享更是区块链创业团队最爱讲的题材,想法很动人:数据上链、加密共享、可控可追溯,可医院压根不愿开放核心数据,监管也卡得死,最后往往只能停留在几个演示案例。于是很多项目靠着产业园补贴、示范工程机会,拿到第一波资源,可一旦补贴退坡,商业模式就露出真面目:客户不愿持续付费,区块链也难以证明自己是「不可替代」的。最终,本该是产业级大故事的应用,最后沦为了展厅里「看起来很未来」的展示工程。

数字身份和数据确权更是喊了多年。跨境数据合规、身份认证、学历和医疗信息确权,几乎每一个都能被包装成「未来刚需」。设想中的画面是,所有数据都能上链确权,每个人的身份都有加密凭证,跨国公司和监管机构都能无缝衔接,一听就特别高大上。但问题在于,这类项目要跑起来,必须整个生态配合,要有统一的标准,有行业龙头带头用,还得有监管认可。一个创业公司,根本推不动这么大的格局。现实情况是,大多数团队只能靠政府项目活着,做一两个试点,拿点拨款,能撑一阵子,却始终没法规模化。见过有团队花了两年时间做「教育信息上链」,结果连学校自己都说:「数据库就行,没必要搞区块链。」最后项目不了了之,团队甚至转头去发数字藏品。大家心里其实都明白,数字身份方向有意义,但问题是赚不到钱。它更像是一种公共设施,价值毋庸置疑,却缺乏市场化逻辑。没有谁愿意为一个「更可信」的身份额外买单,而没有客户付费,创业公司就很难熬得下去。于是它往往停留在政策文件里,或者在行业大会上被反复提及,真正能走出来的几乎没有。

司法与公共服务则是区块链最早被寄予厚望的场景之一。司法存证、仲裁取证、政务公开,听上去都是区块链最天然的土壤:证据上链不可篡改,流程透明可追溯,还能减少大量中间环节。很多地方政府也确实做过试点,一些法院甚至开过「区块链电子证据」专题新闻发布会,当时看起来似乎就是未来的必然方向。但几年过去,现实逐渐显露。司法类项目确实能落地,但大多只是作为辅助工具存在,真正走向市场化的机会非常有限。法院用区块链存证,往往还是和公证处、第三方存证平台捆绑在一起,价值链被切得很薄;政务透明的区块链平台,也更多是一个宣传亮点,真正能持续运营的寥寥无几。对政府来说,这是提高效率的一种尝试,但不会成为持续买单的刚需;对创业公司来说,更像是一次性工程项目,赚点服务费就结束了。它的特点是稳定却缺乏成长性,能养活一些团队,但很难撑起资本想要的高增长故事。换句话说,这个方向更像是一块「公益市场」,意义很大,想象空间却有限。于是它成了一个矛盾的存在:区块链在这里最容易被接受,却也是最难被资本青睐的地方。

回过头看,这些赛道逻辑其实都没问题,RWA、安全合规、产业应用、数据确权、司法服务,一个比一个正经,一个比一个合规,甚至能写进政策文件。可真正落地时,问题总是一样:客户不愿掏钱,合规门槛太高,市场空间有限。说到底,理论正确,现实残酷。

这就是今天那位基金负责人的困境:钱在这儿,政策也允许对「不发币」的项目投资,可真正值得投的公司凤毛麟角。走一步看一步的共识达成,听起来无奈,却是当下的真实写照。

但我并不觉得这就是终局。过去二十年,中国的互联网创业也经历过类似的阶段。最初大家都说互联网是泡沫,可电商、支付、社交一步步走出来,今天成了基础设施。区块链或许也要经历同样的长周期,先是概念堆叠,再是试点失败,最后才会沉淀出真正的应用。我更期待的,不是下一波「发币暴富」的神话,而是那些能把区块链和真实行业结合、真正解决问题的创业团队。比如在跨境支付里真正降低成本,在供应链金融里解决信任难题,在数据合规里提供可信方案。

这些路现在看确实很难,但如果有人能走出来,那就不仅是一个项目的胜利,而是整个行业的胜利。

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

Letture associate

Claude's Watermark Has Been Cracked, Gaining 11k Stars, But Installation Is Refused

The article discusses the controversy surrounding Anthropic's implementation of a hidden watermark in all text generated by its AI, Claude. This policy, based on Google DeepMind's SynthID-Text technique, embeds a statistical signature by making inconsequential word choices. The watermark applies globally, even to human-written text lightly edited by Claude, sparking user backlash over issues of ownership and the creation of an "AI content second-class citizen" status. In response, an open-source tool called "watermarks-remover" (originally "remove-claude-marks") was released on GitHub, quickly gaining 11k stars. It works on three levels: removing invisible Unicode characters, using an agent to rewrite text and break statistical patterns, and stripping metadata from various file formats. Notably, Claude itself refused to install this removal tool as an Agent Skill, a task ultimately completed by another AI model, GLM 5.2. The article points out the irony that the removal code may have been written by Claude. The piece frames this as an ongoing battle between watermarking for traceability against misinformation and the desire for unmarked, owned content from paying users. It questions the practicality of mandatory technical markings when AI-generated text becomes indistinguishable from human writing, suggesting the open-source community's rapid development of countermeasures will continually outpace regulatory efforts.

marsbit23 min fa

Claude's Watermark Has Been Cracked, Gaining 11k Stars, But Installation Is Refused

marsbit23 min fa

SafePal Leaks Data of Nearly 40,000 Hardware Wallet Buyers: Private Keys Intact, Yet Danger Moves Closer to the Physical

Hardware wallet manufacturer SafePal has disclosed a data breach affecting approximately 39,798 customers who placed orders between March 2025 and April 2026. The leak exposed personal information including names, email addresses, phone numbers, physical delivery addresses, and purchase records. The company confirmed that private keys, recovery phrases, wallet passwords, and financial details were not compromised, as the cold storage systems operate in an isolated environment separate from the e-commerce servers. However, the breach poses significant risks beyond digital theft. Attackers now possess a high-value list of confirmed hardware wallet owners, effectively marking them as likely holders of substantial cryptocurrency. This enables highly targeted social engineering attacks, such as phishing emails referencing real order details, fake hardware deliveries, or phone scams impersonating SafePal support. The company has already identified and taken down over 30 related phishing sites. A critical aspect of the incident is the delayed disclosure timeline. SafePal acknowledged receiving initial user reports of phishing attempts in May but treated them as isolated. A full investigation began in July, with a public announcement not made until August, leaving users exposed for approximately three months. Furthermore, a configuration error prevented a data-purge routine from deleting old order information as intended, potentially increasing the scope of the leaked data. The incident highlights a structural paradox in the hardware wallet industry: while the devices are designed to secure private keys offline, the necessary e-commerce process collects sensitive personal data that, if leaked, makes the user a target. This mirrors a similar breach suffered by Ledger in 2020. Affected users are advised to be extremely vigilant. They should verify if they are impacted via SafePal's dedicated page, treat all unsolicited communications (emails, calls, physical mail) referencing SafePal as suspicious, and never share recovery phrases. Users who may have entered sensitive information on a phishing site must create a new wallet immediately. The breach underscores that in cryptocurrency security, the most vulnerable link is often the human user, not the cryptographic technology.

marsbit44 min fa

SafePal Leaks Data of Nearly 40,000 Hardware Wallet Buyers: Private Keys Intact, Yet Danger Moves Closer to the Physical

marsbit44 min fa

30 Years After Being Crushed by AI, People Have Fallen Back in Love with Chess

On May 11, 1997, IBM's "Deep Blue" defeated chess champion Garry Kasparov, marking the first time a machine triumphed in a top-level intellectual game. The narrative of human defeat by AI seemed cemented when AlphaGo beat Lee Sedol in Go in 2016, a game once considered AI's final frontier. Yet, nearly 30 years after AI's dominance began, chess is experiencing unprecedented popularity. Chess.com boasts over 250 million registered users and 10 million daily active players. Its CEO, Erik Allebest, attributes this resurgence to several waves: the pandemic, the Netflix series *The Queen's Gambit*, and viral AI chess bots like "Mittens" on social media. Crucially, each surge left a permanently higher user base. The key insight is that AI liberated the game. When machines unequivocally became the best, the pressure to "win" as the ultimate human was removed. Chess returned to its core: the intrinsic joy of play—the thrill of a tactical combo, the tension of a time scramble, the curiosity of post-game analysis. AI, now serving as an always-available coach and anti-cheat tool, became infrastructure that enhanced rather than killed the experience. In contrast, Go, deeply rooted in East Asian elite culture and often pursued for mastery and status, suffered a "collapse of meaning" at the professional level after AlphaGo. Players began mimicking AI moves, erasing distinctive styles and narrative. While some Go players gained fame as online personalities, it didn't translate to widespread engagement with the game itself. The divergence highlights a fundamental question in the age of AI: is the motivation for an activity about *winning* or *playing*? Activities where the process itself is the reward, like chess, can thrive when the pressure of being the best is gone. AI may rightly take over tasks done purely for outcome, but it cannot replace the human experience of simply enjoying the game.

marsbit59 min fa

30 Years After Being Crushed by AI, People Have Fallen Back in Love with Chess

marsbit59 min fa

Exiting Top Ten Shareholders of Kweichow Moutai, 'Long-term Capital' Portfolio Adjustments Revealed: National Social Security Fund Enters 12 New Stocks, Invests in Hard Tech Mthreads

With the ongoing release of semi-annual reports, the second-quarter investment moves of long-term institutional investors like the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) and insurance capital are becoming clear. Central Huijin Asset Management and China Securities Finance Corp., often referred to as the "national team," are no longer among the top ten shareholders of Kweichow Moutai. Data shows that as of August 14th, the NSSF held positions in 33 A-share companies, with a total portfolio value exceeding 11 billion yuan. It added 12 new stocks in Q2, spanning sectors like chemicals, food & beverage, and semiconductors. The NSSF maintains its stable investment style, favoring companies with solid performance and attractive valuations. Apart from exiting Moutai, Huijin and China Securities Finance also left the top ten shareholder lists of companies like Ping An Bank and Dahua Technology. Insurance capital heavily invested in 41 companies in Q2, with a total holding value over 26 billion yuan. They showed a continued preference for cyclical sectors like non-ferrous metals and chemicals, as well as high-dividend-yield stocks. Analysts note that these long-term funds act as market stabilizers and investment bellwethers. Their presence is reshaping the market ecology, steering focus towards fundamental corporate value and away from speculative trading. A notable move was the NSSF's new investment in Moore Threads, a loss-making but leading domestic GPU design company listed on the STAR Market, indicating interest in hard technology sectors. Looking ahead, analysts expect long-term capital to continue a dual-strategy: maintaining a foundation in high-dividend-value stocks while gradually increasing exposure to growth areas aligned with industrial upgrading, such as advanced manufacturing and tech self-sufficiency. The market's recovery is seen as gaining a firmer footing after recent adjustments.

marsbit1 h fa

Exiting Top Ten Shareholders of Kweichow Moutai, 'Long-term Capital' Portfolio Adjustments Revealed: National Social Security Fund Enters 12 New Stocks, Invests in Hard Tech Mthreads

marsbit1 h fa

Data of 54,000 wallet users leaked, Clarity odds just 10%: Hodler’s Digest, Aug. 16

Galaxy Digital has slashed the odds of the CLARITY Act passing in 2026 from 75% to just 10%, citing limited Senate session days. If it fails, the SEC and CFTC plan to issue their own crypto rules, though an SEC meeting was abruptly cancelled. High-profile meetings at the White House are planned to discuss the bill. Amid growing hack fears, crypto companies are urging AI labs to grant developers early access to advanced AI models for cybersecurity, following a $116M Coldcard wallet theft. Data breaches at Trezor and SafePal have exposed over 54,000 users' personal information. The CFTC is clashing with states over regulating prediction markets like Kalshi, ordering it to ignore a New York restraining order to maintain a national market, while a Washington state judge ruled against it. The Ethereum Foundation is revising its post-quantum plan, moving away from the Poseidon hash function, and scoping its next major upgrade, Hegotá, for next year. Tether received its first full clean audit opinion from KPMG, showing reserves exceeding liabilities by $6.814 billion. Marketwise, major cryptos saw weekly declines. Predictions include a possible Bitcoin bottom in October, while analysts dispute the feasibility of BTC reaching $1M by 2030. Glassnode notes Bitcoin is in its longest capitulation phase since FTX's collapse. Three men were charged for an alleged Bitcoin kidnapping plot in Missouri.

cointelegraph2 h fa

Data of 54,000 wallet users leaked, Clarity odds just 10%: Hodler’s Digest, Aug. 16

cointelegraph2 h fa

Trading

Spot
活动图片