美联储降息:市场为何反应平淡?

比推Pubblicato 2025-09-18Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-09-18

原创Odaily 星球日报(@OdailyChina

作者:Golem(@web 3_golem

原标题:美联储如期降息25个基点,市场为何反应平淡?


“Good afternoon”,9 月 18 日 2:30,这是美联储宣布降息 25 个基点后主席鲍威尔的开场问候,虽然与市场经验不符,带来鸽派发言,但市场也并未出现显著上涨趋势。(Odaliy 注:市场根据此前发布会总结,若鲍威尔开场问候是“Good afternoon”,则会释放鹰派观点,市场可能下跌;若是“Hello everyone”则为鸽派观点,市场可能上涨 。)

美联储决议公布后,现货黄金刷新纪录高位至 3704 美元/盎司;但美股市场涨跌互现,道指收涨 0.57%,纳指跌幅 0.33%,标普 500 指数跌幅 0.10%;加密市场整体微涨,但涨幅并不大,BTC 24 H 涨幅 1.07%、ETH 24 H 涨幅 2.66%、SOL 24 H 涨幅 5.5%、DOGE 24 H 涨幅 6.2%。

此次降息是美联储自 2024 年 12 月以来的首次降息,虽然符合市场预期,但全球市场却反响平平。一方面是今年 8 月鲍威尔在杰克逊霍尔的讲话就已为降息打开了大门,市场当时已经“Buy in”,降息落地后市场自然出现“买预期卖事实”的反应。另一方面,宣布降息 25 个基点已经无法满足市场的“胃口”,市场更关心美联储 2025 年剩余时间的政策,“这是否会是一系列连续降息的第一次”以及“今年会降息几次”成为市场关注的重点。

今年将降息几次仍未有明确信号

鲍威尔在利率公布后的问答环节表示“可以将今天的(宽松)行动是一种风险管理类型的降息”,这是美联储在“劳动力市场疲软+通胀未完全受控”的两难局面下,优先选择管理解决就业问题的决定。这样的决定是基于美联储认为“关税对通胀只是一次性影响,只会导致价格水平短期上升”而做出的。

但对于美联储而言,今年仍是一个特殊时刻,因为通常情况下“劳动力市场疲软+通胀上涨”。极为罕见的经济局势自然导致了罕见的美联储利率预测分歧变大。

美联储点阵图(Dot Plot)是美联储用来展示未来利率预期的特殊图表,其能直接反映美联储内部对未来利率走向的分歧和共识。9 月 18 日公布的美联储点阵图显示,19 位官员中,有 1 位官员认为 2025 年不降息;有 6 位官员认为 2025 年应累计降息 25 个基点,即降息 1 次;有 2 位官员认为 2025 年应累计降息 50 个基点,即降息 2 次;有 9 位官员认为 2025 年应累计降息 75 个基点,即降息 3 次。有 1 位官员(大概率为米兰)认为 2025 年应大幅降息 150 个基点,即认为年内至少还有两次大幅降息(75 BP+50 BP)。

点阵图反应出相比于 6 月(6 月有 7 位认为 2025 年不降息),降息基本成为美联储内部的共识,区别仅在于降息幅度。虽然根据美联储的中位数预测显示 2025 年还将降息 50 个基点,通常而言这意味着市场环境将整体更加宽松,美股和加密市场都将迎来一波上涨。但鲍威尔在问答环节仍表示,FOMC 对降息 50 个基点呼声的支持并不多。

本次 FOMC 会议认为由关税政策引发的通胀上升只是暂时的,但鲍威尔也表明存在另一种可能性,若通胀影响更持久,那么美联储的责任也将是确保目前一次性的物价上涨不会演变成持续的通胀问题。这给市场又留下了悬念。

市场参与者的态度

对鲍威尔的发言,市场参与者也有不同的解读。

三菱日联美国宏观策略主管冈卡尔维斯(George Goncalves)认为美联储虽然重启了降息进程,但并没有进入降息冲刺模式,“此次美联储决定是能做到的最鸽派的表态,并且他们在点阵图预期中又增加了一次今年的降息。不过,感觉美联储并没有进入降息冲刺模式,他们只是重启了降息进程,因为他们承认就业市场并不像他们预想的那么好。”

安吉莱斯投资公司(Angeles Investments)首席投资官罗森(Michael Rosen)则表示:“对于市场最初期待的更激进货币政策宽松路径,鲍威尔起到了降温作用。他承认劳动力市场存在疲软,但强调只有在出现当前并未显现的更严峻形势时,才会考虑更大幅度降息。”

也有投资者坚定的认为美联储在 2025 年剩余时间还会大幅降息。野村证券预计美国联储还将在 10 月和 12 月各降息 25 个基点,此前预测为在 12 月降息,同时预计美联储将在 2026 年 3 月、6 月和 9 月每次降息 25 个基点。

中信证券依旧预计美联储将在 10 月和 12 月的议息会议上分别再次降息 25 个基点,但只有等到新任美联储主席的最终人选落地后,2026 年利率路径才会更加清晰。

加密市场参与者普遍乐观

加密市场参与者普遍乐观。BitMine 董事会主席 Tom Lee 在前两天接受 CNBC 采访时 表示,美联储降息后,比特币和以太坊未来 3 个月可能迎来大幅上涨。

链上巨鲸也开始用脚投票,并且偏爱 ETH。据 Lookonchain 监测,在美联储降息 25 个基点后,OTC 巨鲸 (0 xd 8 d 0…c 39 d) 花费 1.1234 亿 USDC 以 4493 美元的价格买入 2.5 万枚 ETH。

同时一个通过 ETH 波段盈利 7492 万美元的巨鲸/机构 (0 x 2 aA…dDa 2) 于今日凌晨以 4487 美元的均价,使用 8077 万 USDC 通过 Wintermute 购入 1.8 万枚 ETH。该地址目前持有 5.3 亿 USDC 和 2.5 万枚 ETH,价值约 1.14 亿美元。


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