万亿美元的预测市场,为什么人人都想"交易一切"?

marsbitPubblicato 2025-09-02Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-09-03

在预测市场中,我很少听到有人使用“下注”这个词,取而代之的是“交易”。

这其中的区别至关重要。

一旦将赌场的污名化移除,目标市场(TAM,Total Addressable Market)便扩展到几乎所有人:宏观投资经理、拆包宝可梦卡牌的玩家、你的同学和同事。

轻度投机行为已经在各类人群中成为主流。办公室的三月疯狂篮球竞猜和幻想联赛、电子游戏的抽卡机制、零佣金的日内交易和0DTE(零到期时间)期权、加密永续合约和迷因币等。只要称之为“交易”或“资产分配”,而不是“赌博”,人们总是趋之若鹜,而不是避而远之。@j0hnwang 撰写了一篇关于软赌博(soft-gambling)的精彩文章,虽然没有明确提到信息金融(InfoFi),但其关联性显而易见。预测市场很快将被视为与股票市场一样不再禁忌。再结合从文化中获利的潜力(@dkposts 给出的完美例子:https://x.com/dkposts/status/1961569826410823725),预测市场将成为大众化的入场通道。

预测市场与赌博脱离关系的两大原因

(1)没有对“庄家”的恐惧。无论事实是否如此,用户总觉得自己有优势,因此他们将预测市场的交易视为像投资组合管理一样“普通”的行为。

(2)主题清晰易懂,易于理解。合约基于可观察数据和真实事件进行结算:某个日期的消费者物价指数 (CPI)、ETF 批准截止日期、选举计票、发行窗口等等。您可以通过收集信息、模拟结果和设定时机来获利。这是将智慧应用于风险,从而大大淡化了“赌博”的污名化。

看好预测市场的额外原因

(1)事件定价更直接,反馈更迅速

在日内交易中,股票(以及商品/外汇)通常充当世界事件的代理。例如,战争爆发时,洛克希德·马丁(Lockheed Martin)和布伦特原油价格上涨;重要航运线路受阻时,马士基(Maersk)股价上升;美联储意外加息时,美元走强,黄金价格下跌。而预测市场直接对事件本身进行定价,归因更清晰,反馈更快速。

(2)预测市场是绝佳的对冲工具

  • 消费者案例:如果你计划一场户外婚礼,而下雨会导致需要租赁价值 2000 美元的帐篷,你可以以每股 0.20 美元的价格购买“某城市某日期有雨”的合约。如果结果为“是”,这笔收益可以抵消帐篷租赁的大部分成本。
  • 机构案例:一个以增长型科技公司为主的投资组合可能面临通胀意外的风险。他们可以以每股 0.18 美元的价格购买“美国 CPI 同比增长≥4.0%(9 月)”的合约。如果 CPI 达到≥4.0%,投资组合可能下跌约 3%(约600万美元)。每股“是”合约净赚 0.82 美元,约 730 万股需花费约 130 万美元,但若事件发生将获得约 600 万美元收益;否则,溢价即为保护成本。

(3)市场与机制简单易懂,且金融工程门槛低

预测市场可能是最容易接触的前沿金融工程形式。例如:

  • 商品期货:“橙汁价格会在 6 月达到 X 美元吗?”
  • 信用违约互换:“阿根廷是否会在 2026 年前违约?”
  • 利率互换:“明年平均政策利率是否会高于 4.75%?”
  • 波动率互换:“标普 500 在 3 月的波动率是否会超过 20%?”
  • 交易者可以实时看到概率变化,而不是体育博彩中难以理解的数字(如从-140到+50,或+500到+200),而是简单的百分比。
  • 与股票类似,交易者可以在合约解决前出售自己的头寸,而不是传统体育博彩中的“非黑即白”(0 或 100)的结果。

(4)预测市场历史上对重大事件的预测表现优异

从历史上看,预测市场一直是重大世界事件的预测重要参与者,例如,2024年美国大选期间,Polymarket 在东部时间凌晨 1:30 就将特朗普的胜率定为 99%,而福克斯新闻直到凌晨 1:47 才宣布结果,其他媒体更是拖延许久。持续的套利行为和将价格偏离公允价值的边际成本上升,使得预测市场的错误短暂且易纠正。

(5)与智慧和技能的关联推动高端群体接受度

无论是否真实,年轻人都希望显得更聪明或被认为更聪明。例如,我见过哈佛学生,他们会嘲笑 DraftKings(被认为是低冲动控制的活动),却会因预测市场套利或成功预测俄乌战争爆发而自豪。这种与技能和智慧的关联推动了高学历大学群体、投资专业人士等的采用。

(6)预测市场将逐步替代对私有公司代币化的需求

私有公司代币化实施难度较大,包括创始人的抵触、法律风险、虚假的“治理”权利、流动性不足等问题,而预测市场可以更轻松地满足类似需求。

(7)市场仍处于早期阶段

我们入手太早了,简直荒唐。Polymarket 的总锁定价值(TVL)仅为 1.48 亿美元(数据来源:DeFiLlama),与之前讨论过的总市场价值(TAM)或 2024 年大选期间约 4 亿美元的峰值 TVL 相比,简直是小巫见大巫。Kalshi 上周才开始深入加密货币领域。

此后六个月的预计趋势

在接下来的六个月里,我预计以下趋势将出现:

(1)预测市场数据将成为新闻报道的标配

Polymarket 和 Kalshi 的市场预测将持续出现在主要新闻媒体的屏幕上。每位记者在做预测时,如果想要保持可信度,必须参考预测市场的概率数据。

(2)监管的显著清晰度 = 推动可行的联邦框架落地

Polymarket 确认进入美国市场以及 Kalshi 近期在美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)的法律胜利,意味着预测市场在列出和清算事件合约、吸引机构资本等方面将有更加明确的路径。

(3)专业化资金与交易团队的涌入

从一个管理规模达到 8 位数(千万级美元)的纯预测市场交易基金的启动(据我了解,@curiouscamilo 正在筹备此项目)→到主要交易公司(尤其是量化机构)设立专门的预测市场交易部门(方向性微型团队,而不仅仅是市场做市,比如 SIG 为 Kalshi 提供的服务)。

(4)预测市场数据成为终端级别标配

预测市场概率将像其他价格数据一样出现在 Bloomberg 和 Refinitiv 等终端上,包括实时行情、历史记录、提醒功能、图表展示,以及支持 Excel/Python 和新闻编辑系统 CMS 的原生 API 绑定。实际上,编辑和交易团队将像对待其他数据流一样处理这些概率数据。

最可能成功的预测市场相关项目

哪些与预测市场相关的项目最有可能成功?

(1)限制选择过载

最聪明的做法是利用人工智能(AI)每天自动为用户推荐三项定制化的市场。这是一条普遍适用的经验法则:能够执行预测功能的AI(无需用户输入,直接替用户决策)往往更容易成功。。

(2)注重社交和游戏化的项目

预测市场本质上是非常社交化、面向消费者的产品。因此必须具备某种原生的游戏化社交图谱功能,例如:直播、球队和联赛、跟单交易、创作者主导的房间、季度排行榜、“俱乐部”钱包池、与行情挂钩的聊天功能、推荐阶梯、可分享的交易单,点击即可自动重建交易等。

我尤其喜欢“可分享交易单”的概念,它类似于一个链接,可以预填好具体的下注内容供他人使用。你可以创建一个投注单:选择哪个市场、是/否、投注金额以及任何限制,例如“仅在赔率低于 65% 时下注”。。点击“分享”即可生成链接。朋友点击链接后,应用自动打开并填好所有内容。他们只需审核并确认即可完成交易。想象一下:

  • 像 Spotify 播放列表,点击后加载同样的歌曲集。
  • 像 Amazon 购物车,你发送给朋友后,所有商品都已在购物车中。

(3)基础设施项目:预测市场的“镐和铲”

利用预测市场的底层架构,提供分发渠道、简洁的用户体验(UX)和数据处理能力以满足主流需求。例如,Kalshi的员工@kxchefsteve积极鼓励开发者构建相关封装工具(“现成的控制权等待使用”)。

(4)解决市场碎片化问题的项目

正如 @ryohhno 所指出,市场碎片化的核心问题是结构性问题:同一事件在多个平台上存在,但没有共享的 ID,因此流动性和规则自然会在不同平台上分裂。解决方案(尽管实施难度很大)是构建一个事件的 NBBO(全国最佳买卖报价)和路由器,标准化问题、将订单路由到最佳价格和深度,并补偿不同的解决条件和抵押货币差异。类似于一个 CUSIP(国际证券识别编码)事件 ID,配备深度感知的智能订单路由器,可以从任何界面(包括社交网络)重建相同交易。

(5)“多元宇宙金融”相关的基础设施项目

今年早些时候,@dave__white 写了一篇关于“多元宇宙金融(Multiverse Finance)”的精彩文章。资产存在于一个条件成立的宇宙中,用户仅能在同一宇宙内借贷和交易;当预言机解决后,余额会回归基础世界。与此相关的机会是构建支持宇宙感知的基础设施:

  • ERC-20封装器和信用工具,它们为拆分/拉取操作定价
  • 一个借贷层,允许‘notFiredUSD’安全支持‘notFiredETH’,因为如果事件解决为“Fired”,两者的价值都会归零。

预测市场潜力和势头超越其他子行业

我感受到预测市场的产品市场契合度(PMF)和发展势头比任何其他子行业都更强。看看过去几周的这些新闻标题就知道了:

  1. “Robinhood 与 Kalshi 合作推出预测市场。”
  2. “美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)撤回对 Kalshi 选举合约案件的上诉,为受监管的政治市场铺平道路。”
  3. “Polymarket 月交易量达到 11.6 亿美元。”
  4. “Polymarket 以 1.12 亿美元收购 CFTC 许可的 QCEX,以重新进入美国市场。”
  5. “小唐纳德·特朗普加入 Polymarket 担任顾问,同时也是 Kalshi 的顾问。”

我不同意预测市场是 Memecoin 的进化版的说法。我认为它们是股票市场的下一次进化。这个市场的潜力是无限的,我对其前景充满信心。

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