特朗普新政五大红利震撼全美

marsbitPubblicato 2025-07-14Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-07-14

"庞大而美好"法案为中产阶级带来的五大胜利

特朗普总统再次打破了外界预期,让华盛顿建制派大跌眼镜。随着总统大笔一挥,这项"庞大而美好"的预算案于7月4日正式生效,为其第二任期议程赢得惊人胜利,也兑现了他将美国中产阶级放在首位的庄严承诺。

这项全新的税收与支出法案带来了真实持久的变革:它巩固工薪家庭的经济基础,奖励勤劳致富,并重塑了华盛顿经济政策的基本理性。以下五大亮点将惠及中产阶级,彰显这项立法如何为数千万美国人构筑更繁荣经济未来的基石。

1.延续减税政策

新税收与支出法案的核心内容是延续《减税与就业法案》中的个人所得税减免政策——该法案由特朗普总统于2017年签署生效。

2017年的减税法案为美国中等收入群体提供了史上最大规模的减税之一。今年早些时候,我发布了一项关于2017年减税政策对个人及家庭影响的最新研究。正如该报告所示,从节省税款的比例来看,受益最大的纳税人是年收入低于7.5万美元的人群。

研究进一步表明,由于该减税法案的实施,超过5000万中等收入报税者每人可能节省了6322至13494美元。

2017年法案中的个人所得税减免原定于今年年底到期。若没有这项"庞大而美好"法案的延期,减税政策的终止将导致包括中产阶级在内的几乎所有美国人面临史上最大规模的增税。若任由《减税与就业法案》失效,未来五年内将有数千万家庭被迫多缴纳数千美元的税款。

值得庆幸的是,这种情况并未发生。新支出法案使这些个人所得税减免永久化,提供了亟需的政策确定性,避免了家庭税负的飙升。

2.提高儿童税收抵免额度

新税收与支出法案扩大并永久延续了原定于今年年底到期的儿童税收抵免政策。修订后的儿童税收抵免将为每个符合条件的孩子减免家庭税单2200美元,较今年每孩增加200美元。此外,该抵免额度将根据通货膨胀率逐年提高。

中等收入与工薪阶层报税者是儿童税收抵免政策的最大受益群体,该政策对高收入者实行逐步取消机制。

新儿童税收抵免政策将使拥有两个及以上孩子的家庭每年至少节省4400美元,未来五年合计可节省22000美元。若现行抵免政策在今年底失效,抵免额度将降至1000美元,且资格限制将使众多家庭无法享受这项福利。

3.降低小费与加班收入税率

这项"庞大而美好"的法案践行了特朗普总统两项最受关注的竞选承诺,大幅降低了小费与加班收入的税率——这两项政策将使中等收入与工薪阶层报税者获益最大。

根据新法案,劳动者每年可在应税收入中最高抵扣25,000美元的小费收入。年收入达15万美元以上的个人或30万美元以上的夫妻,抵扣额度将递减。加班收入的抵扣额度为12,500美元。

根据当前收入水平,这两项规定每年可为报税者节省数千美元。但受预算调节规则限制,两项政策均将于2029年到期。

4.特朗普账户

新税法中最被低估的亮点或许是创设了这项名为"特朗普账户"的税收优惠计划。

家长每年可为每个子女存入高达5,000美元的"特朗普账户",这部分供款可享受税前抵扣。账户资金将投资于美国股指基金,以相对安全的方式获取长期投资收益。账户资金需待子女年满18岁方可提取,可用于购房、创业或大学教育等指定用途。提取时需缴纳所得税,但由于多数年轻人收入不高,实际税负较轻。

雇主每年也可为员工的"特朗普账户"供款2,500美元,该笔款项同样不计入员工应税收入。

法案还设立了四年试点计划:2025年1月1日至2028年12月31日出生的新生儿将自动开设账户,并获赠1,000美元初始资金。

若合理使用,"特朗普账户"将成为中产家庭为子女奠定成功基础的利器。假设家长从孩子出生起每月存入200美元,按年均10%收益率计算,子女18岁时账户余额将达约12万美元——这笔资金足以支付首套房首付、创业启动金或大学学费。

5.老年人税收减免

新法案为65岁及以上、年收入不超过7.5万美元(夫妻不超过15万美元)的纳税人提供最高6000美元的税收减免。

结合法案提高后的标准扣除额,这项针对老年人的6000美元减免将使绝大多数退休人员完全免缴社会保障金的所得税。

社会保障局表示:"得益于新政策,近90%的社保金领取者将无需再为福利金缴纳联邦所得税。"

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