美联储高官密集发声:尚未准备在 7 月会议上支持降息

链捕手Pubblicato 2025-06-27Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-06-27

作者:何浩

来源:华尔街见闻

 

周四,多位美联储官员讲话,他们明确表示,需要再观察几个月,才能确认由关税引发的物价上涨不会以持续性方式推高通胀,他们尚未准备在下次会议上支持降息。

近日,特朗普在其美国总统第一任期内任命的两位美联储理事沃勒和鲍曼的讲话引起关注。他们均表示,如果通胀保持受控,他们愿意在美联储 7 月 29-30 日会议上就开始降息。

然而,自那以后,包括美联储主席鲍威尔、纽约联储主席威廉姆斯和旧金山联储主席戴利在内的约十位美联储政策制定者纷纷对这一观点泼了冷水。

多位官员表示可以再等等

戴利在周四接受媒体采访时承认,越来越多的证据显示关税可能不会引发大规模或持续性的通胀上升。但这只是让她对秋季降息持开放态度。戴利表示:「我一直的主要预期是,我们将在秋季开始调整利率,这一观点并未改变。」

今年以来,价格增长速度低于预期,美联储偏好的通胀指标在 4 月同比上涨 2.1%,略高于 2% 的目标。

周四早些时候公布的数据还显示,持续申请失业救济人数升至 2021 年 11 月以来最高,过去六周明显上升,显示更多人长期未能重新就业。与此同时,6 月 21 日当周的首次申请失业救济人数出现下降。

戴利表示,虽然劳动力市场有所放缓,但她尚未看到其明显走弱的警告信号。她重申,目前的货币政策「处于一个良好的位置」。

周四,波士顿联储主席 Susan Collins 在接受媒体采访时说:「在 7 月会议前,我们只会看到一个月的数据,我希望能看到更多信息。」

柯林斯表示,她的基本预期是在今年晚些时候开始降息。「这可能意味着一次降息,也可能不止一次,但我认为我们需要依据数据来判断。我没有看到降息的紧迫性。」

同日,里士满联储主席巴尔金指出,他预计关税将对价格形成上行压力。在不确定性依然很大的情况下,美联储应在调整利率前等待更多明确信号。巴尔金说:「在当前经济强劲的背景下,我们有时间耐心观察,等待更清晰的前景。」 

同在周四,鸽派的芝加哥联储主席古尔斯比表示,如果通胀明确朝着 2% 目标回落,同时经济前景不确定性降低,美联储可以恢复降息。「我对目前的数据感到乐观,也许关税的影响只会局限在它应有的范围内,但我们需要确认。」

美联储主席鲍威尔此前周二在国会听证会上表示,若非关税带来的未来物价不确定性,美联储本应已根据通胀下降开始降息。在此之前,没有必要急于改变利率政策:

关税的影响将取决于其最终水平等多种因素。目前,我们有足够的空间来观察经济走向,然后再考虑是否调整政策立场。

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