萨默斯:特朗普怒喷鲍威尔只为甩锅,下一任美联储主席仍会选「主流派」

深潮Pubblicato 2025-06-20Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-06-20

美国前财长萨默斯指出,特朗普频繁抨击美联储主席鲍威尔拒绝降息,实则是为未来经济衰退预设「替罪羊」,试图将责任转嫁至美联储而非自身政策。

撰文:龙玥,华尔街见闻

当特朗普再次炮轰美联储主席鲍威尔没有降息时,美国前财长萨默斯却看穿了这场「政治表演」的意图——为潜在的经济衰退寻找替罪羊。

6 月 19 日,美国前财政部长 Lawrence Summers 在彭博新闻节目《华尔街一周》中表示,尽管特朗普持续抨击美联储主席鲍威尔今年未能降息,但他预计特朗普仍将任命一位「主流候选人」来接替鲍威尔。萨默斯认为,特朗普对美联储的批评更多是为了在经济可能出现衰退时转移责任,而非真正试图影响美联储政策。

降息呼声背后的政治算盘

对于特朗普反复要求美联储降息的做法,萨默斯给出了一个更加犀利的解读。

「他正在营造这样一种局面:如果我们遭遇衰退,他就能够将责任归咎于他的政府政策以外的其他因素,」萨默斯分析道。这种策略性的批评为特朗普在经济政策可能面临挑战时提供了政治掩护。

特朗普本周再次批评鲍威尔维持基准利率不变。华尔街见闻此前文章提及,特朗普再度喊话美联储,要求降息 2.5 个百分点。他频繁指出,「太晚先生」鲍威尔因不降息而令美国「损失数千亿美元」。

他甚至开玩笑说:「我可以任命自己担任美联储职务吗?我会比这些人做得好得多。」

「主流派」继任者:市场稳定考量胜过政治冲动

尽管特朗普口头上火力全开,但萨默斯对下一任美联储主席人选保持乐观。他认为,特朗普不会为了迎合政治基础而牺牲市场稳定。

萨默斯表示:「我会相当惊讶,如果他没有做出一个让两党公正观察者都认为合理的选择。」

萨默斯说道,「在这方面我比一些人更有信心。」他将这种信心归因于金融市场对相关消息的迅速反应。

鲍威尔的主席任期将于 2026 年 5 月到期。特朗普本月表示,美联储下任主席人选「很快就会公布」。此前,美国现任财长贝森特 (Scott Bessent) 曾在 4 月表示,面试鲍威尔继任者的时间表是「秋季某个时候」。贝森特本人以及前美联储理事凯文·沃什(Kevin Warsh)都被列为潜在候选人。

关税政策成供给冲击源头

萨默斯还特别关注了美联储周三公布的最新经济预测。他指出,尽管今年能源成本有所下降,人工智能的应用预示着生产率的提升,但新的美联储预测显示的是负面而非正面的供给冲击。

「美联储同时上调通胀和失业率预期的情况并不常见,」萨默斯指出,「所以你看到了供给冲击的到来。这是什么?是关税。我们正在给自己施加供给冲击,这导致了对更高通胀和更高失业率的预期——使美联储的工作变得更加困难。」

这一分析直指特朗普贸易政策的核心矛盾:一边通过关税推高通胀预期,一边又要求美联储降息刺激经济,实际上是在给美联储出难题。

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