市场下一个焦点:「影子联储主席」是谁?

深潮Pubblicato 2025-06-11Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-06-11

「影子联储主席」三大候选人浮出水面:前美联储理事沃什、经济委员会主任哈塞特以及现任理事沃勒。

撰文:龙玥,华尔街见闻

特朗普酝酿提前布局,「影子美联储主席」浮现。

据追风交易台消息,德银最新报告显示,美国总统特朗普在回应关于下任美联储主席人选的问题时表示,相关消息可能「很快公布」。虽然鲍威尔的主席任期要到 2026 年 5 月才到期,董事会席位更是延续到 2028 年。但特朗普可能会借 2026 年 1 月美联储理事克鲁格(Adriana Kugler)席位空缺之机,提前布局继任者。

德银指出,特朗普可能支持财政部长贝森特 (Bessent) 最初提出的「影子美联储主席」概念,即提前很长时间任命下任主席。这一策略反映出政府对货币政策话语权的重视。

随着特朗普政府《大漂亮法案》预期在 7 月中旬通过,并且未来几个月贸易政策或进一步明朗,市场焦点将转向美联储下任主席人选。

三大热门候选人各有特色,政策倾向成关键

德银报告梳理了近期美媒频繁提及的三位潜在人选:

凯文·沃什 (Kevin Warsh):2006-2011 年担任美联储理事,现任胡佛研究所研究员。博彩市场将其视为领跑者,但历史上持鹰派立场,曾批评美联储的量化宽松政策,并对去年 9 月 50 个基点的降息和美联储资产负债表规模提出质疑。

凯文·哈塞特 (Kevin Hassett):现任特朗普国家经济委员会主任,但其货币政策倾向尚不明确。

克里斯·沃勒 (Chris Waller):现任美联储理事,最近表现出更加鸽派的观点,认为美联储可以忽略关税推动的通胀并降低利率。

美国财长贝森特也被意外卷入「战局」。德银提到他们被机构客户多次询问,贝森特是否有转掌美联储的可能性。

德银看好沃勒胜算

德银报告指出,特朗普因呼吁「降息 100 基点为经济注入火箭燃料」,势必倾向鸽派人选。

据德银 AI 工具分析,沃勒是 2024 年以来第二鸽派的官员,仅次于芝加哥联储主席古尔斯比 (Goolsbee)。沃勒近期更公开主张「忽略关税通胀优先降息」,直击特朗普诉求。

但该行分析认为,仅有鸽派倾向还不够充分。虽然政府考虑的候选人可能都会承诺降息,但实施宽松政策才是真正挑战。

报告指出,新美联储主席需要说服同事采取不同的政策路径。美联储政策需 FOMC 多数票通过,沃勒作为现任理事已建立投票联盟基础,相较外部候选人更易推行政策转向。

同时,对于来自美联储外部的候选人,尤其是如果他们曾批评美联储(如沃什)或支持过可能引发美联储独立性质疑的经济政策(如贝森特或哈塞特),可能面临更大的阻碍。

贝森特若转任美联储主席,将面临「裁判员兼运动员」指控——既要评估自己任内推行的财政政策效果,又需否认政治干预货币决策。

相较之下,德银认为现任理事沃勒的胜算更大。

新主席将面临独立性考验

德银警告,无论最终人选如何,市场都可能测试下任美联储主席的独立性以及其实现通胀目标承诺的可信度。如果候选人来自政府内部,这一挑战可能更加严峻。

在当前背景下,这种考验可能更加严峻:特朗普威胁解雇鲍威尔,并在经济韧性强、关税推动通胀上升的情况下呼吁美联储大幅降息,为美国经济提供「喷气燃料」。

当前美国经济韧性叠加关税推升通胀压力,市场通胀预期可能提前升温,新美联储主席必须决定是否要维护美联储来之不易的抗通胀信誉。

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