民主国家更爱加密货币?全球137国数据揭示的惊人采用规律

marsbitPubblicato 2025-04-11Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-04-12

Coin教授:全球加密货币采用的驱动因素是什么

全球范围内加密货币的采用情况差异很大,一系列最近的学术研究证明了这一点。

Andrew Urquhart教授是伯明翰大学商学院(BBS)金融与金融科技教授兼金融系主任。

这是Coin教授专栏的第五期,我将为Decrypt读者带来已发表的加密货币学术文献中的重要见解。在本文中,我们将研究加密货币的采用。

加密货币在规模、范围和产品类型方面显然都在增长,这共同表明它们对传统金融体系的重要性和影响力日益增强。

它们最初可能只是由少数计算机程序员进行交易,但自2017年推出比特币期货以及随后推出其他衍生品,直至2024年1月推出比特币现货ETF以来,越来越多的投资者开始关注这一创新资产类别。

第四次工业革命的核心是人工智能、信息通信和技术、物联网和区块链——普华永道预测,到2030年,区块链将使全球GDP增加1.76万亿美元。

中国将区块链列为五大优先事项之一,而德国、日本、英国和法国等其他国家的潜在收益均超过500亿美元。近期投资者兴趣的增加可能永远改变了用户基础,而这种采用可能因行业、地区、监管领域和政治领域而异。在本专栏中,我将研究全球加密货币采用的驱动因素。

最近的一些研究考察了137个国家的某些宏观国家发展指标与加密货币部署之间的关系,有趣地发现,教育水平、人类发展、民主、监管质量和国内生产总值(GDP)较高的国家,加密货币的采用率更高。

然而,经济自由度较低和腐败程度较高的国家采用率较低,这表明更开放和自由的国家采用了加密货币。这表明,采用加密货币的不是腐败、教育水平低的国家,而是更开放、民主和自由的国家。

信任,但要验证

现在我们知道经济和国家变量会影响不同地区的采用率,但信任呢?信任是一种社会建构和信念,它促进经济增长、金融发展和金融包容性。

近几十年来,信任度有所下降——正如欧洲央行行长克里斯蒂娜·拉加德所言,“在这个信任度下降的时代,金融部门在民意调查中排名最后。”

Jalan等人(2023年)的研究支持了Bhimani等人(2022年)的研究,表明信任度较高的国家对加密货币的兴趣和采用率更高,这证实了信任在金融市场增长中的重要性。

在更详细的研究中,Saeedi和Al-Fattal(2025年)探讨了信任的哪些方面对加密货币的采用很重要,他们发现女性比男性更重视监管信任,而社会信任对年长的参与者更重要。

DeFi的采用

加密货币的采用与去中心化金融(DeFi)的采用有什么区别?Nguyen和Nguyen(2024年)最近的研究表明,高加密货币采用率可能是由高人口、高通胀、低社会联系、民主和不确定性规避共同导致的,而高人类发展、高人口和高金融发展似乎是解释一个国家DeFi采用率的主要因素。

但采用以及不同类型的采用对加密货币有什么影响呢?Rzayev等人(2025年)最近的研究表明,加密货币的早期采用者推动了加密货币的回报并提高了价格效率,而后期采用者则导致了价格和效率的更多噪音。因此,早期采用者是任何加密货币的关键驱动力。

因此,学术文献表明,全球范围内加密货币的采用情况差异很大,但有一些关键的经济和国家指标可以解释采用情况。此外,采用的类型会影响加密货币的表现,这表明并非所有的关注都是平等的。

Letture associate

77 Bloody Codes: When the '$5 Wrench' Shatters the Privacy Myth of France's Crypto Elite

**Summary** In the first half of 2026, France recorded 77 violent crimes—including kidnappings, illegal confinement, and extortion—targeting cryptocurrency holders, a 71% increase over the 45 cases in all of 2025. This equates to an attack every 2.3 days, making France a global hotspot for so-called "wrench attacks," where criminals use physical violence to coerce victims into surrendering crypto assets. High-profile cases include the 2025 kidnapping of Ledger co-founder David Balland, who was shown with a severed finger in a ransom video, and an attempted kidnapping of the family of Paymium's CEO in Paris. Prosecutors note these are not isolated incidents but part of structured criminal networks, sometimes involving minors. Several factors contribute to France's vulnerability: a large holder base (approx. 7.3 million people), the presence of major crypto firms and executives, a culture of public disclosure among enthusiasts, and potential data leaks. The trend is spreading across Europe, which now accounts for over 40% of such global attacks. Research indicates a correlation between Bitcoin price surges and increased wrench attacks. In response, French Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez announced a three-pillar action plan focusing on enhanced intelligence sharing, deeper cooperation with the industry association Adan, and improved operational and cross-border coordination. Authorities have made over 200 arrests in the past year. Security experts warn that digital asset safety now extends to the physical world. They advise holders to use hardware wallets, avoid disclosing holdings on social media, enable multi-factor authentication, and report suspicious activity. The situation underscores the urgent need for the crypto community to shift from a "show-off" culture to one of discretion as physical security becomes paramount.

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77 Bloody Codes: When the '$5 Wrench' Shatters the Privacy Myth of France's Crypto Elite

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Both OpenAI and Anthropic are 'Developing Their Own Chips' — Beyond Cost, the Control Over Computing Power is Paramount

OpenAI and Anthropic are both advancing plans to develop custom AI chips, driven by the need to control computing power and reduce costs. According to reports, Anthropic is in early-stage development of its own chips and in talks with Samsung for manufacturing, while OpenAI is collaborating with Broadcom and TSMC, aiming to deploy its first inference chip by late 2026. The primary motivation extends beyond just lowering expenses. For these large model companies, chips are core production assets. By designing specialized hardware (ASICs) tailored to their specific model architectures—OpenAI's being more sparse and Anthropic's more dense—they aim to achieve deeper software-hardware co-design. This synergy can significantly improve inference speed, energy efficiency, and overall unit economics, offering advantages that off-the-shelf GPUs cannot. This move does not signify an immediate replacement for suppliers like Nvidia. The process from design to deployment takes 18-24 months, and Nvidia's GPU ecosystem remains deeply entrenched. Instead, custom chips provide a strategic alternative and negotiating leverage, allowing companies to use them for specific, high-volume workloads like inference while still relying on external GPUs and TPUs for other tasks. The trend reflects a broader industry shift where AI competition is evolving from pure algorithmic prowess to integrated control over the entire software-hardware stack. Companies like Google, Amazon, Meta, and Microsoft are already on this path. For foundries like Samsung, securing orders from AI leaders like Anthropic represents a significant opportunity to expand its footprint in the advanced semiconductor market for AI. Ultimately, the race for "computing sovereignty" is now a central battleground for major AI players.

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Both OpenAI and Anthropic are 'Developing Their Own Chips' — Beyond Cost, the Control Over Computing Power is Paramount

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