再质押快速增长,但未来可能面临风险

marsbitPubblicato 2024-09-30Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-10-01

用户纷纷涌向收益农场再质押协议,但糟糕的风险管理和尽职调查却是一颗定时炸弹。

风险管理很少被纳入加密企业家的入门包中。尤其是在市场蓬勃发展且加密企业家正在努力获取用户和 TVL 时,他们往往优先考虑创新技术和积极营销,而不是可持续性。

但一家公司对风险的态度决定了它是否会在牛市后蓬勃发展,还是会成为行业指出的引领下一个熊市的失败之一。

当前再质押领域的提供商正处于这个转折点。

初创公司正在获得大量真实用户资金的涌入。6 月份,流动性再质押协议的总锁定价值为 150 亿美元,而几个月前还不到 3 亿美元。最大的流动性质押协议 Ether.fi 在以太坊和 Arbitrum 上的 TVL 超过 50 亿美元。

这个领域正在疯狂增长。然而,实际上只有一小部分 ETH 参与其中,因此这是一个建立在薄弱基本面之上的市场。如果没有适当的风险评估,初创公司及其用户和整个行业都可能崩溃。

追逐再质押奖励

如果质押是用户通过锁定或借出数字资产来保护区块链以获得奖励的过程,那么再质押就是再次质押这些数字资产。

再质押允许将已经质押的数字资产分配给其他去中心化应用程序以换取其他奖励。再质押允许区块链、应用程序或服务聚集保护其系统所需的社区和资本,而无需社区聚集新的资本宝库——相反,他们只需使用他们已经拥有的加密货币。

转移数字资产以获得最佳回报被称为收益耕作或流动性挖矿。4 月,EigenLayer 的主网发布引发了对收益耕作再质押协议的新一轮热潮。EigenLayer 允许用户将他们的 ETH 和 ERC-20 再质押到所谓的主动验证服务 (AVS),如汇总、预言机和其他应用程序。反过来,用户将获得可用于获得额外收益的流动性再质押代币 (LRT),以及衡量用户对网络贡献的平台积分。虽然这些积分本身并不具有价值,但用户相信它们将与未来的空投挂钩,并已开始对其进行投机。

从那时起,再质押提供商和服务的生态系统迅速膨胀。

流动性再质押提供商,如 Ether.Fi、Puffer Finance、Renzo 和 Mellow,消除了再质押的技术障碍,通过时尚的用户界面代表用户存入资产。这些提供商正在激烈竞争,以吸引更多流动性,以达到更高的总锁定价值 (TVL) 水平。

再质押之战已经打响。首选武器是:更精心设计的营销计划,提供令人瞠目结舌的奖励。

今年早些时候,Ether.fi 和 Puffer 开展了活动,以 LRT 和积分的形式向通过该平台转移资产的用户提供额外奖励。而 Pendle 则完全投机狂潮,在其主页上宣布“跳上积分快车!”并提供 100 倍积分。

战场是加密货币用户的摇钱树。

久经考验的骚乱

然而,这种营销策略—巨额代币奖励或未来代币空投的前景—是危险且不可持续的。

如果以历史为鉴,这些激励措施不可能持久,更令人担忧的是,这种认识只有在巨大的后果之后才会被抓住,让许多用户手中的钱完全变成了隐喻。

从 2018 年的 ICO 热潮到 2020 年首次引入收益耕作,加密货币用户疯狂地追逐一种经济游戏,这种游戏让他们的代币发挥巨大的潜在优势。这些再质押协议允许用户从他们的数字资产中榨取更多的潜在回报,并从他们所依赖的基础设施中榨取更多的效用。

再质押市场最大的担忧是这些平台将用户资金重新定向到的主动验证服务 (AVS) 的质量。为了吸引更多用户,再质押提供商受到激励,接触更多 AVS,甚至接受高风险服务,因为回报很高。但如果 AVS 违反区块链规则并受到处罚,质押的用户代币可能会被没收——在加密货币中,这称为削减。

目前,削减机制尚未上线,因此业界只能推测对一家提供商的处罚会如何影响与其相关的所有其他提供商。

此时,由于再质押提供商权衡吸引新用户的激励与对其 AVS 合作伙伴进行彻底尽职调查所需的努力,加密货币行业需要重新关注风险管理。

所有这些相互叠加的质押和再质押系统的另一个担忧是黑客攻击的连锁反应。如果其中任何一个提供商遭到黑客攻击,数十亿美元不仅可能从这些服务中蒸发,而且可能从以太坊网络中蒸发。除了金钱影响之外,黑客攻击还会损害用户的信任。再质押以向更广泛的应用程序领域提供经济安全的整体概念可能会受到质疑。

竞争铸就品质

再质押之争可能会对整个行业造成伤害,因为它会诱使用户向市场注入大量资金,用于购买基本面不稳定的项目。但事情不必如此。当打造创新产品的竞争与保护这些产品免受风险的竞争相匹配时,竞争是健康的。

只要公司找到方法来降低这些风险——甚至努力降低有时疯狂投资未经测试的新产品的用户的期望——这个行业就会因为这种竞争而变得更强大。

以 EigenLayer 和 Symbiotic 之间日益激烈的竞争为例。在 Symbiotic 宣布将提供比特币再质押服务后不久,EigenLayer 将其服务扩展到 ERC-20,以满足对更多代币选项的需求。

通过竞争,创新技术将推动行业向前发展。但不仅如此,初创公司还将受到激励,开发更好的用户体验和用户界面,以便与新技术互动,让更多用户更容易参与。而更多的用户则构建了一个更强大的生态系统。

加密货币的无许可机制允许在去中心化社区的帮助下构建令人兴奋的产品,并让社区获得回报。只要风险管理是方程式的一部分,健康的再质押生态系统就会带来真正的价值。

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