如何看待 Merlin Chain 和 BitcoinOS 的安全跨链合作?

比推Pubblicato 2024-09-14Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-09-14

要同时解决「安全」和「去中心化信任」问题的方案才是最终解。

撰文:Haotian

如何看待 Merlin ChainBitcoinOS 的安全跨链合作?基于纯技术视角,简单做下知识科普分享:

1)最近,MerlinChain 发布了半年报数据,超 12 亿美元的 TVL、160 亿的桥接资产量和 200 多个生态合作伙伴等亮眼数据,这在经历半年风雨飘摇的市场来看似乎并不算差。

想当初顶着最强宇宙共识比特币 layer2 的光环仓促上线,经历了诸多非议和责难,其中最饱受诟病的就是「跨链桥」的「去中心化」问题。

而在比特币脚本语言天然匮乏主网赋予 L2 的「安全性」缺陷下,早期「去中心化」问题和「安全」反倒对立,中心化托管机构的介入却可解权宜之计。因此大部分偏早期 BTC layer2 项目在跨链安全问题的处理上,都直接简单粗暴以 CeDeFi 的形式存在,尤其大部分 EVM- Compatible 的 BTC layer2 都采用了此种方式。

不过,在 Crypto 去中心化极客主义追求下,一种足够技术 Native 的方案,要同时解决「安全」和「去中心化信任」问题的方案才是最终解。

2)碍于比特币主网 UTXO 脚本空间和验证逻辑的受限特性,主网难以存储 layer2 的全部数据状态,也无法用智能合约验证 layer2 的状态 Proof 正确性,因此,市场上公允的比特币 layer2 跨链安全共识方法,目前只有两种(EVM- Compatible 方向):

1、ZK Proof 验证方法:基于 ZK 框架构建一个可验证 Proof 证明的虚拟机,layer2 以 SNARKs 证明的形式生成 Proof、并由虚拟机验证 Proof,最终由主网脚本最终「资产」的锁定和解锁验证。如此这般,以 ZK 技术作为媒介来确保 layer2 的数据状态在可信的前提下和主网完成交互。

比如: @ProjectZKM 构建 zkMIPs 程序指令集,基于 zkVM 做通用数据验证虚拟机,又构建了 Entangled Rollup Network 实现资产和消息状态跨链可交互操作通信,最终在 @GOATRollup 上落地了可信的免跨链桥跨链安全机制,以及首个去中心化 Sequencer BTC layer2。

又比如: @BTC_OS 则是构建了专门针对 SNARK 的 VM 虚拟机系统——BitSNARK,同时给予该 VM 验证系统构建了一个名为 Grail Bridge 的跨链桥来安全传输主网到 layer2 的资产转移和状态变更。其大致逻辑也是,以 ZK 作为验证媒介,最大限度开发主网有限空间的状态锁定和验证能力,以确保 Rollup layer2 网络的资产安全性。

两种方案都采用了 ZK 零知识证明技术,ZKM 采用更通用的 zkVM 方案,因此在 GOAT Network 等应用项目落地时有更广泛的技术支持,相较之下,BitcoinOS 则更专注于 SNARKs 验证和跨链桥服务,专注于跨链资产的安全转移。

二者在 Proofs 的验证逻辑以及主网资产 Peg-in 和 Peg-out 的锁定逻辑,以及 BitVM 的挑战者机制等都别无二致,故而放在一起对比以便于理解。

2、密码学算法安全加固方法:目标最大限度挖掘比特币主网 UTXO 脚本的空间和验证能力,脚本本身利用契约定义一套质押、解绑、提现逻辑,最终依托 EOTS 签名方案、最终轮次多签共识等实现主网资产的安全性和安全共识能力的对外商业化输出。

不用过多解释,大家一定想到了,这就是 @babylonlabs_io 的安全共识实现方法。核心逻辑是把资产牢牢锁死在主网管辖范围内,然后由二层 POS 链的节点 Validators 形成一套管理共识来维持秩序(反正资产被锁在主网,在二层就规规矩矩办事)。

和基于 ZK 技术协议的验证能力相比,如果说 BitcoinOS 和 GOAT 都要为 layer2 的每一笔交易验证「正确性」,Babylon 赋予二层安全共识的能力更像是一种带有经济约束力的社会安全共识。

以上

至于 MerlinChain,当前链上沉淀的用户、交易量、生态活跃度等数据依然证明其在比特币 layer2 生态的共识和影响力不容小觑。

基于此,MerlinChian 通过组合生态不断进化的各类优秀技术安全方案来弥补自身的短板非常 Make Sense。而比特币二层协议市场很多微创新也层出不穷,又大都匮乏 Go-To-Market 能力。这样优劣互补,抱团推进,最终形成合力势能,才能让看着一盘散沙的 BTC layer2 市场提升凝聚力并加速发展。

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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