加密梦碎?为什么越来越多人正在悄悄离场?

深潮Pubblicato 2024-09-06Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-09-06

我很清楚,这种帖子通常会被交易员视为“底部信号”。

作者:Travis Kling

编译:深潮TechFlow

在经历了一个相当糟糕的加密货币夏天之后,我正在发布系列文章的第三部分,之前的文章包括:“没有任何借口表明这些东西有任何作用或将来会有任何作用”和“金融虚无主义:年轻美国的时代精神”。这是一篇大约 10 分钟的阅读,标题为“普遍的悄然退出”。

我已经专注于加密货币领域七年,并运营 Ikigai 超过六年。我在美国的加密货币圈子里有一个相当广泛的人脉,并且定期与几十位业内人士交流。

我最近频繁观察到或听说一种态度或立场,以至于它已经成为一种趋势。加密货币正在经历一种普遍的“悄然退出”现象。

为了给大家铺垫一下背景,如果你不太熟悉“悄然退出”这个术语,它是一个相对较新的概念——

人们之所以频繁来找我讨论“悄然退出”的态度,部分原因是因为我之前写的“没有任何借口表明这些东西能做什么或将来会做什么”以及“金融虚无主义”这两篇文章

这两篇文章是我写过的最受欢迎的长篇文章。我至今仍会在 Twitter 上被人提及。上周我参加了一场加密货币会议,至少有六个人当面提到了这些文章,因此它们确实引起了广泛共鸣。

普遍的“悄然退出”趋势是这些文章观点的延续,它们精准地捕捉并预测了当前加密货币领域的状况。

我观察到并听说,加密货币社区中有相当一部分人比往年明显不再那么投入。他们减少投入的原因在于,他们对加密项目能够解决现实问题并获得广泛应用的潜力失去了信心。从 2017 年(我进入这个领域的那一年)到 2022 年,这个梦想一直被反复宣传并广泛接受——“加密货币将解决现实问题并因此获得广泛采用”。许多数十亿美元的风险投资资金都是基于这个前提筹集的。

在这个过程中,有一些现象让人们相信加密货币正在朝着某个方向发展:去中心化金融(DeFi)是其中之一,NFTs 是其中之一,稳定币的普及也是其中之一,Axie Infinity 也是其中之一。此外,比特币的采用率和价格都在上涨,并且得到了 Paul Tudor Jones、Saylor 和 Elon 等人的支持,这让人们对加密货币感到乐观,因为比特币的表现非常好。

以上这些因素,再加上一些较小的热点(例如,去中心化自治组织 DAOs 和元宇宙),使得人们总体上保持乐观,同时也吸引了很多新人进入加密货币领域,无论是作为投资者还是全职员工。有时,这种乐观会演变成狂热,但即便在最狂热的时候,大多数人心里都明白,很多东西是不稳定的、估值过高的,并且缺乏产品市场契合度。这些担忧一直存在。而在熊市时期,当乐观情绪转为悲观时,这些担忧会被放大,但即使在最严重的熊市(如 2018 年底和 2019 年下半年),人们对各种项目仍然保持着强烈的乐观态度,并对技术的潜力抱有广泛的希望。

我认为我们目前面临的情绪有所不同(许多人似乎也同意这一点)。随着真相的揭露,许多事情显得毫无意义且被荒谬地高估,而现有项目的潜力也越来越不被人相信。

积分换空投的活动是一个尴尬且不明智的失败尝试,试图推动用户采用。Memecoin 的狂热更是进一步的尴尬和不明智。对于许多经历过多个周期的加密货币参与者来说,逐渐意识到我们在取得很少实际成就的情况下走到了今天。这种认识对于我们这些多年来在这个领域投入了大量时间和精力的人来说是一个巨大的冲击。

突然之间,你可能会觉得自己一生的努力大多都白费了。你对加密货币的现状和未来的发展方向都感到不满。

为了合理化这种认知,许多人经历了认知失调,但这种认识最终还是深入人心。这导致了很多人彻底离开了这个领域,人们纷纷退出加密货币圈。然而,仍有一部分人选择留下,只是他们的动力、热情和信念都大幅减弱。许多人留下的主要原因是难以想象自己去做其他事情或将资金投入其他领域。你会去找一份普通的公司工作吗?那听起来简直是灾难。

此外,还有一种“用钱包投票”的观点。尽管许多人对加密货币实现其潜力感到严重失望,他们依然留在这个领域,因为相较于其他投资选择,经过“时间调整和风险调整”后的回报仍被认为更具吸引力。这看似矛盾,但事实就是如此——

“我相信,在大多数年份中,比特币 (BTC) 将会优于其他所有资产类别,尽管偶尔也会有表现糟糕的年份。同时,我认为在那些上涨的年份里,会有一些精选的山寨币 (Altcoins) 能大幅超过 BTC。可能是少数,也可能是很多,但总会有一些。如果我能识别出这些机会,我就能轻松实现数倍的收益。因此,我觉得值得继续关注这个领域……”

想象一下,你30岁时拥有大约200万美元的流动净资产,这些财富是在过去五年通过投资加密货币获得的。虽然这是一大笔钱,但可能还不足以让你退休。你需要把这200万变成500万甚至1000万美元,才能真正安定下来。而且你还年轻,还没有准备好退休。

你是在2017年进入加密货币领域的,因为它当时充满了兴奋、革新和潜力。虽然你个人在财务上表现不错,但是对于这个领域实际成就的有限感到失望,对加密货币未来的前景也不如从前乐观……但你没有退出。因为你不知道还能把时间花在哪儿?去炒股而不是投资山寨币?这听起来不太合理。股市竞争更激烈,效率更高,但回报却更少。因此,你选择继续观察市场,希望能抓住一个机会,在一年内让净资产翻三倍……这样的情况其实很多。

尽管越来越多人对“这些东西是否有用或将来会有用”感到怀疑,但这种看法依然普遍存在。加密货币爱好者不清楚下一次大的上涨会由什么推动。没有 DeFi 的夏天,也没有 NFT 的热潮。游戏领域目前几乎没有生机。元宇宙被证明是一个彻底的笑话。去中心化社交媒体已经停滞不前。人们试图对加密货币与 AI 的结合感到兴奋,但我(和许多人一样)认为这种兴奋可能是错误的(至少目前看来如此)。

DePIN 正在取得进展并且发展迅速,令人振奋——可能是当前山寨币领域中最值得关注的部分。因此,这是一个人们寄希望于通过现实世界应用来推动未来价格上涨的领域。然而,在加密货币中,这样的领域少之又少。

另一个方面是备受批评的加密货币风投投资环境。简单来说,加密市场继续奖励那些早期投资于 Token 项目的风投,即使这些项目在其预期用途上几乎没有明显进展,风投仍能以巨额利润抛售给散户。

Token 项目可以:进行积分到空投的连锁反应;人为地夸大市值;雇佣做市商并支付高额费用以确保他们无论如何都能获利;在主要交易所上市 Token;然后大量抛售,导致其价值跌至谷底。即便 Token 价格从上市后下跌 85%,早期的风投仍然能赚得数倍的收益。这是当前山寨币市场结构的一个显著特征。加密市场让风投可以通过这些从未真正产生影响的投资来回收资金并筹集新资金。这是一个激励机制错位的典型案例。你很难去责怪风投——人们总是按照激励机制去行动。而到目前为止,市场的态度是:“请风投,在主要的中心化交易所 (CEX) 上以荒谬的完全摊薄估值 (FDV) 上市更多的劣质项目,然后抛售给我们。”除非市场整体上不再提供这种机会,否则你很难指望风投会改变做法。他们通过这种方式赚到了足够买私人飞机的钱。

在加密货币界有一句话,由我的一位朋友推广开来:“你是想做正确的事,还是想赚钱?”这句话成为了许多加密货币从业者的口号。我理解,它强调的是利润至上,尤其是超越你想要证明自己“正确”的欲望。但我想提出一个反面观点——“如果你在赚钱的过程中犯了足够多的错误,那么你可能终将失去继续犯错并赚钱的机会。”我们现在正在目睹一些这样的情况。

以上这些都可以解释为什么加密货币领域普遍存在“安静退出”现象。回到《纽约客》文章中对“安静退出”的传统定义——职场中的“安静退出”会破坏公司的文化。这是一个有抱负的 CEO 最害怕的事情。员工看到其他人不努力工作,不相信公司的使命,自然也会产生不想工作、不相信使命的想法。我们是模仿的生物。热情是会传染的,而缺乏热情同样也会传染。正因如此,“安静退出”会引发更多的“安静退出”。

到目前为止,在本轮周期中,我们甚至没有接近于吸引到像之前周期中那么多的新用户(不包括新的 ETF 投资者)。加密货币并不是美国最优秀和聪明的年轻人所优先选择的领域。自 2022 年带来的损害以来,这个行业仍然面临许多尴尬,而我们在吸引顶尖人才方面几乎没有采取足够的措施来修复我们的声誉。试想一下,如果你正在考虑加入一家普遍存在“安静退出”现象的公司,这会是你想要抓住的机会吗?

那么,这意味着什么呢?

我很清楚,这种帖子通常会被交易员视为“底部信号”。在加密货币领域,历史上在市场情绪最悲观时买入,而在情绪最乐观时卖出,往往能获得惊人的回报。而这种普遍存在的“安静退出”现象无疑是一个悲观的信号,因此通常在这种情况下,人们会倾向于大举买入。我明白这一点。

对于我在这里提出的观点,另一个反驳是“我们还处于早期阶段,兄弟。”别再这样说了。其实并不算早。比特币现在的市值已达一万亿美元,华尔街几乎有一半都持有它。其余的加密货币市值也达到了一万亿美元。Tether 持有的美国国债甚至超过了德国。在过去四年中,已有超过 200 亿美元的风险投资涌入这一领域。我们已经不再是早期阶段了。

不要再把它和“90 年代末的互联网”相提并论,看看当时发生了什么。这不是 90 年代末的互联网。比特币和稳定币都找到了市场定位,而其他加密货币则如同迷失在大海中。它们充其量只是寻找问题的解决方案,最糟糕的情况下则是无情而残酷的骗局。

尽管如此,我认为对山寨币仍然可以抱有乐观态度。在我看来,最令人期待的局面是特朗普在十一月胜选,这将导致一个事实上的监管框架,使得山寨币结构可以被重新设计,具备类似证券的特征,从而实现有吸引力的价值增长。

多年来,我们一直在讨论价值创造和价值积累这个概念,而连接这两者的桥梁就是 Token 结构。在特朗普政府的政策下,可能会淘汰那些没有价值的治理 Token,引入带有收益、燃烧机制的伪证券——这要归功于美国的监管框架允许这样的创新。在这样的环境下,你可以想象两年后,山寨币市场将变得更加真实。

这是值得我们密切关注的发展方向。

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