浩浩荡荡的 ATOM 复兴计划到底效果如何

金色财经Pubblicato 2024-08-26Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-26

撰文:Tia,Techub News

 

虽然 Cosmos 最近深陷治理丑闻,但从其动态来看,6 月到 8 月,陆续有协议发起提案加入 Cosmos Hub 消费者链。没错,这个从 2022 年就开始在 Cosmos 2.0 推进的政策,到如今终于开始有那么些进展了。

 

正好,LSM 从去年 9 月开始推出到现在也有了一段时间,也可以趁此分析一下数据,看看到底释放了多少质押流动性。

 

ATOM War 也聚集了一波想要申请资助的项目,似乎也要正式开始第一阶段的推进。

 

集齐 ICS、LSM、ATOM War 三驾马车,再加一个质押率,本篇文章就来简单看看这些政策实施的具体效果如何。

 

质押

 

数据来自 CosmosOutpost

 

从质押的数据来看,惨不忍睹。自 7 月 31 日爆出 Cosmos 治理腐败的丑闻后,Cosmos 开始出现巨额解质押。7 月 31 日解质押约 330 万枚 ATOM、8 月 4 日解质押约 170 万枚 ATOM,8 月 5 日解质押约 65 万枚 ATOM,8 月 13 日解质押约 166 万枚 ATOM,8 月 15 日解质押约 810 万枚 ATOM。这几日共解质押 1211 万枚 ATOM,占 ATOM 流通量近 3%。ATOM 币价也从 7 月 31 日的 6.15 美元跌至 8 月 18 日的 4.62 美元,跌幅达 33%。

 

ATOM 代币价格

 

Replication Security(ICS)

 

Replication Security 的主要作用是为 Cosmos 生态其他链提供 Hub 验证者的验证,为 Cosmos 生态其他小型的无法提供巨大验证者成本的链一个共享 Hub 安全性的机会。这些共享 Hub 安全性的链叫作「消费者链」(Consumer Chain)。想成为 Hub 消费者链需要先提交提案,在提案中写出愿意为成为消费链付出的成本(给多少交易费给 Hub 等),等 ATOM 持有者满意这个成本,提案通过后才能正式成为消费链。

 

目前,一共有两条链已经通过提案。一条是 Neutron,另一条是 Stride。

 

Neutron 是 Hub 首条消费链,于 2023 年 5 月推出,与 Hub 的收入分成为

  • 25% 交易费,费用以 ATOM 或 NTRN 支付

  • 25% MEV 收入,费用以 NTRN 支付

 

同时,Neutron 还向 Cosmos 验证者空投了 70,000,000 枚 NTRN,占 NTRN 总供应量的 7% 。后来,有一半多的(42,727,950 枚)NTRN 没有申领,这部分就收编转给了 Cosmos Hub,价值约 1572 万美元(8 月 18 日数据),为 ATOM 市值的 0.08%。

 

另一条消费链就是 Stride 了。Stride 是流动性质押协议,其本身收入就不少,分配给 Hub 的部分也相当大方:

  • 15% 的流动性质押奖励

  • 15% 的 STRD 通胀质押奖励

  • MEV 收入的 15%

  • 15% 的交易费

 

Partial Set Security

由于所有验证者都需要为消费链提供验证,消费者链从 ICS 获得的奖励通常无法覆盖运行链的成本,人们开始抱怨 ICS 给验证者带来了额外负担。随后就提出了 Partial Set Security。Partial Set Security 通过减少必须运行每个消费者链的验证者数量来降低 ICS 对验证者的成本,验证者可以自行选择是否成为消费链验证者,当运营消费链验证者的数量减少时,运行消费者链的验证者则可获得更大比例的奖励。这个提案已于今年 4 月 12 日通过。

 

无需许可的 ICS

无需许可的消费链是继 Partial Set Security 后的另一提案,其允许任何人创建可选的消费者链,无需治理提案。这将使链能够更快地启动,并且阻力更小。消费链可设置一些基本参数,如有多少验证者选择加入后才开始启动。目前,消费链支付的费用是直接给到 Hub 的,可能 Hub 会在收到费用后再发起提案把部分费用分给验证者。这样其实很不方便,把发放补贴的时间大大延后了,可能会对一些验证者造成不公平。未来,在无需许可的 ICS 中,许消费链可直接对要付给验证者佣金的多少进行设置,也许可以有直接支付功能。

 

无需许可的 ICS 提案目前在投票中,将于 8 月 21 日结束投票。由于切换到完全无需许可的链创建将需要对代码库进行一些重构,尽管理论上可以实现无需许可的创建,但 ICS 的当前版本仍使用治理提案来创建消费者链。

 

处于提案中的消费链协议

6 月到 8 月,陆续有协议发起提案加入 Cosmos Hub 消费者链。因为启动消费者链存在成本,因此一些项目即使在 Hub 上发起了提案,但依旧未能完成后续步骤。近两个月 Hub 官推发布的可能成为消费者链的协议主要有 Elys Network、KiiChain 以及 Evmos。除了 Evmos 使用率还稍高一些,另外两条链估计能给到的活跃度应该有限。所以,从实际情况来看,似乎消费链的这一政策没有那么乐观的效果。

 

LSM 流动性质押

 

对于任何去中心化网络来说,一致、可用和深度的资产流动性至关重要。LSM 流动性质押模块使得 ATOM 质押者可以通过流动性质押模块将质押的 ATOM 代币化成为流动性质押资产,其作用主要是用来盘活质押的 ATOM 的,让其能够参与到 DeFi 生态中去,以增加 Cosmos 生态中 DeFi 的活跃度,用于弥补由于 ATOM 的超高质押率,导致 ATOM 实际在生态中的使用率不高的问题。

 

LSM 模块于 9 月 13 日正式上线。这里我们主要观察在 LSM 模块启用后,Cosmos 生态中 DeFi 的活跃度是否变高,顺便看一下这些流动性质押链的币价。

 

目前,LSM 模块主要用在 pSTAKE、Stride、Quicksilver 这三个流动性质押协议中。由于 pSTAKE、Quicksilver 历史数据暂不可得,因此本文主要整理了 Stride 的数据。

 

下图为 stATOM 在 Stride 中被铸造的锁仓价值。可以看到,从 9 月 13 日以来,stATOM 被铸造的锁仓价值显著提高,随后到 4 月 8 日峰值后开始下降。虽然是下降趋势,但对比在此阶段下跌的 ATOM 的价格,其锁仓的 ATOM 数量应当并未下降很多,但增长率应当有所下降。

 

数据来自 Stride

 

ATOM 代币走势

 

作为流动性质押链的 Stride,其代币价格也从 10 月开始显著上涨,但 2 月中旬达到峰值开始出现回落,较加密货币 3 月中旬整体大盘下跌早了一个月。

 

Stride 代币走势

 

pSTAKE 代币走势

 

pSTAKE 的表现也不错,涨幅喜人。

 

Quicksilver 代币走势

 

Quicksilver 在初始阶段走势不错,但由于后续 TVL 迟迟上不去,币价随之表现也极度拉胯。

 

总体来看,LSM 对于消费链而言,效果颇为明显。

 

从质押数量来看,目前 Stride 质押数约为 4,223,479 枚 ATOM,pstake 质押数为 661,066 枚 ATOM,共计 4,884,545 枚 ATOM。由于 LSM 的上限是总质押的 25%,约 6000 万枚。虽是不完全统计,但目前代币化的质押 ATOM 仅占其不到 10%,和以太坊流动性质押占总质押的 32.34% 相比(流动性质押数量为 11,043,280 枚以太坊,总质押数为 34,140,035 枚以太坊),还有较大的上升空间。后续可继续观察相关数据以及是否有相关激励 LSM 的措施。

 

 

Atom War

 

Atom War 类似于 Curve War。由于 Cosmos 存在一些项目向 Hub 索取 ATOM 资助(类似于贷款)的情况,基于此有了 Atom War 的想法,想要获得 ATOM 资助的项目可互相竞争,LSM 中的 share 的持有者可锁定 share 获取引导项目获得资助的投票权,这一机制主要通过 Hydro 来实现。

 

Demex、Electron Protocol、Nolus、Shade Protocol 为首批竞争资助的项目。由于拍卖尚未开始,因此还未有可观测的数据。

 

小结

 

综上,似乎一系列振兴计划并不乐观,持续解质押的状况也一定程度反映出这一点。其实 Cosmos 的愿景和很多措施都很超前,比如像共享安全一些概念的提出也很早,但最后受益却很少。(当然这也和每个项目自身的条件有关,Cosmos 共享安全的开发确实要更麻烦一些)但不得不说,慢也确实是慢。

 

同时,Cosmos 也面临了很多发展到一定程度都面临的问题——治理中心化。社区对于 Cosmos 排外、拉帮派、乱花钱的行为也颇为不满,可能是等待太久,也可能是真的对 Cosmos 失望了,就连一些创世钱包都开始解质押 ATOM 了。

 

还记得在 Cosmos 2.0 刚刚推出,一群人热气腾腾充满希望地接受各个采访,笔者在看相关播客视频采访的时候,甚至也都被他们的热情感染。但有的时候,事实就是这么残酷,至少到目前为止,结果并没有那么理想。虽然大家对于 Cosmos 指责不断,尤其是对在 Cosmos 背后的那个男人 Ethan 颇为不满。但我依然相信,那个爱穿裙子、爱箍发箍、不刮胡子、对货币很感兴趣、希望把生物学中的生态系统应用于区块链设计中的 Ethan 不会真的如社区所说的那么不堪。

 

PS:有兴趣的读者可以去看一下 Ethan 的自弹自唱乱七八糟自编歌曲,真的很真实很放飞。

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