为什么 P2P 网络对与 Web5 至关重要

币界网Pubblicato 2024-08-20Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-20

币界网报道:

以下内容翻译自 Nervos CKB 首席架构师 Jan Xie 的 X 推文,英文原文: 

https://x.com/busyforking/status/1825729748892528685 

点对点通信(peer-to-peer messaging)和共识(consensus)如同加密经济网络的阴阳两面。然而,似乎最受关注的是新颖的共识层协议,而 P2P 层被忽视了。提醒你一下,“peer-to-peer(点对点)” 这个词出现在比特币白皮书的标题中(而 “blockchain(区块链)” 一词在整篇白皮书中出现了 0 次)。

在架构方面,Web5 和 Web3 的主要区别在于对 P2P 网络的重视程度。在 Web5 中,区块链或共识层仅仅是实现更宏大目标的手段,是 P2P 网络的补充,犹如阴阳之中的阴(或阳)。我们真的有必要把所有能想到的东西都塞进共识层,把整个世界都搬到链上吗?Web3 中无休止的链上图景不仅不完整,也显得单调乏味。相比之下,Web5 的理念简单明了:用链构建 P2P 网络,让阴阳共存。(好吧,我承认 Web5 听起来像是一个蹩脚的梗,但相信我,这不仅仅是个梗。)

为什么?因为在大多数情况下,问题最好由我们自己在本地直接处理,无需涉及任何不必要的中间人(如共识验证者或区块生产者)。如果 Alice 想给 Bob 支付 1000 聪/USDT/其他货币,最理想的方式是 Alice 直接把钱交给 Bob,而不是通过某些验证者,因为这不仅更快捷,还能天然地提供隐私保护。即使无法直接交易,通过像 Charlie 这样的专业支付处理商来完成交易仍然是更好的选择,因为:1. Alice 可以自主选择 Charlie 或 Daniel 或其他人作为支付处理商;2. Alice 可以尽量减少中间环节,而且比向所有人公开支付更能保护隐私;3. 支付处理商具有灵活性,他们可以提供定制服务,以满足不同收款人的偏好。这正是支付通道网络(如比特币闪电网络和 CKB Fiber Network)的优势所在,也是我们青睐它们的原因。支付通道网络本质上就是 P2P 网络。

这种逻辑同样适用于其他场景,比如当 Alice 想从 Bob 那里租用 10GB 存储空间 3 个月,或者 Bob 希望将一项繁重的计算外包给 Alice 的计算机集群 1 周。让人们自主执行交易(任何类型的交易)会更好。区块链或共识层在这里的作用是促进交易的形成和协调,而不是接管交易的执行。在 Web5 这种新架构中,区块链与 P2P 网络并行运行。P2P 网络是信息交换的场所,是消费者和生产者的市场,是询价和出价的地方(可能以公开/部分公开的交易形式呈现)。每当在 P2P 网络中发现需求匹配时,区块链就会介入,提供智能合约和担保,以确保去中心化市场能像现实世界中的市场一样运作。建立在多元化 P2P 网络和市场执行区块链基础上的去中心化经济,比那些建立在资源消耗巨大的 "我什么都能做的" 区块链之上的经济更接近自由市场。

Web5 是分布式 P2P 网络原始互联网精神的复兴,结合了当今时代才能实现的新型共识层。它是正在实现的 信息+价值 网络。Web2 + Web3 不仅仅是一个双关语,Web5 是真实存在的。

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