IMF 高管:提议将加密货币挖矿电价提高 85%

币界网Pubblicato 2024-08-16Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-16

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8 月 15 日,国际货币基金组织(IMF)财政事务部副处长 Shafik Hebous 和气候政策经济学家 Nate Vernon-Lin 表示,可通过提升税费推高加密矿企的电力成本,这样可以大幅度减少该产业的碳排放量。

两人提议对加密矿企征收 0.047 美元/千瓦时的税费,而如果考虑到挖矿对当地环境的影响,该说费也可能增加至 0.089 美元/千瓦时。这样做的目的是敦促该产业优化挖矿设备,将碳排放目标与全球环境目标保持一致。

Hebous 和 Vernon-Lin 表示,更高的税收将使加密矿企的平均电价提高 85%,从而可能为全球政府年度带来 52 亿美元的收入,并减少 1 亿吨/年的碳排放量——相当于比利时的总排放量。他们强调说加密矿企能源消耗巨大,一笔比特币交易所消耗的电量大约相当于巴基斯坦人平均三年的用电量。

而人工智能模型 ChatGPT 所需电量则是谷歌搜索的 10 倍。因此,两人还提议对人工智能数据中心征收 0.032 美元/千瓦时的能源使用税,如果考虑到污染成本,则增加到 0.052 美元/千瓦时,这项税收每年可为政府带来 180 亿美元的收入。

国际货币基金组织(IMF) 9 月份的一份报告显示,2027 年加密货币挖矿的碳排放量可能占据全球总排放量的 0.7%。如果加上人工智能数据中心的排放量,这一比例可能会上升到 1.2%,总量高达 4.5 亿吨,两者可能消耗全球 6% 左右的电力,这一比例十分惊人。

而增加税费这种有针对性的政策可能会激励加密矿企和人工智能数据中心采用更节能的设备与运营方式。但实现这一目标的前提是要进行全球范围内的税率协调,以防止单个地区税调整之后,此类企业迁往费率较低的司法辖区。

和其他行业相比,加密货币挖矿会影响环境这一说法依然存在争论。数据显示,2021 年亚马逊的碳排放总量为 7154 万吨,超过了比特币的 6540 万吨。委内瑞拉等国家由于电网压力则禁止加密货币挖矿行为,而伊朗则悬赏 24 美元奖励非法挖矿的企业。这些措施在限制加密行业发展的同时,也忽视了其他产业存在更大的碳排放隐患。

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