Санкции Казначейства работают и в DeFi

cryptonews.ruPubblicato 2024-08-09Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-09

Федеральный резервный банк Нью-Йорка опубликовал отчет о влиянии санкций на Tornado Cash, крипто-микшер, внесенный в черный список Министерства финансов США в 2022 году. Санкции в целом работают даже в децентрализованных финансах, говорится в отчете.

Выводы отчета также применимы к Ethereum. Сопротивление сети Ethereum цензуре и сотрудничеству показывают ее «хрупкость», говорится в отчете.

Какие санкции имеют значение для протокола смарт-контракта

Управление по контролю за иностранными активами Министерства финансов (OFAC) 8 августа 2022 года ввело санкции в отношении адресов, связанных с так называемым крипто-микшером Tornado Cash. Этот шаг стал ответом на крупномасштабные операции по отмыванию денег, которым способствовал микшер, скрывая движение криптовалютных средств. Это был первый случай, когда компьютерный протокол подвергся санкциям.

В отчете говорится, что использование Tornado Cash после введения санкций значительно сократилось, но постепенно восстановилось. В криптосообществе последовала реакция: биржи и другие платформы запретили Tornado Cash, а отраслевые группы встали на защиту микшера.

Механизм консенсуса в блокчейне Ethereum перешел от доказательства работы к доказательству доли сразу после введения санкций против Tornado Cash. В Ethereum валидаторы получают блоки транзакций от разработчиков.

Схема сети Ethereum. Источник: Федеральный резервный банк Нью-Йорка.

Согласно отчету ФРБ Нью-Йорка, обычные пользователи склонны соблюдать санкции в отношении Tornado Cash. Крупные трейдеры также соблюдали санкции, но в несколько меньшей степени. Те, кто отказывается соблюдать санкции, делают это по убеждению, а не из мотивов получения прибыли. Поведение валидаторов осталось практически неизменным, хотя в докладе отмечается, что они могли бы разобраться с блоками, не отвечающими санкциям.

Какое значение санкции имеют для блокчейнов

Наблюдения, приведенные в отчете, раскрывают факты об Ethereum:

«Наши результаты показывают, что сопротивление цензуре хрупко. Несмотря на то, что различные варианты дизайна Ethereum были выбраны для поощрения децентрализации, мы обнаруживаем справедливый уровень концентрации в цепочке расчетов и высокую зависимость от небольшого числа участников, что способствует включению транзакций Tornado Cash».

Tornado Cash продолжает работать, и наблюдается сильное возрождение микшера в этом году. Разработчик протокола Алексей Перцев был признан виновным в отмывании денег в Нидерландах в мае. Роману Шторму и Роману Семенову, другим разработчикам Tornado Cash, Министерство юстиции предъявило обвинения в сговоре с целью отмывания денег, сговоре с целью нарушения санкций и сговоре с целью ведения нелицензионного бизнеса по переводу денег.

Источник: Crypto News от crypto.news.

Шторм находится под стражей, и в настоящее время над ним идет суд. Тем временем Семенов остается на свободе.

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