MEV 定义和分类之争:谁说了算?

深潮Pubblicato 2024-08-09Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-09

从内部的获取提取的任何价值的系统是否都可以是 MEV?

撰文:0xNatalie

Flashbots 的创始人 Tina在推特上表示,MEV 这个词已经被补了,99% 关于 MEV 的讨论都随意使用这个术语,或者是用来描述产品能解决的问题,或者是批评他们不喜欢的以太坊那么 MEV 的定义到底应该包含潜在的可提取价值,还是实际提取的价值?是所有的提取行为都算,还是仅害虫的提取才被视为 MEV?

各方观点:MEV 的定义之争

时间拉回到上周,Fastlane 的首席执行官 Thognad在推特上发表了关于 MEV 定义的观点。他认为 MEV 问题根本无法解决,因为随着研究的深入,有新的价值方式来促进重建并纳入 MEV 的定义中,使得这一定义不断扩展。这一观点引发了社区的讨论。

对此,Flashbots 的顾问 Nathan Worsley表示,应该将 MEV 的定义仅限于在区块链最终成为共识部分之前,区块链提议者能够观察到并利用的价值。如果定义过于广泛,将导致管理的复杂性。然而,Thognad 认为这种限制只关注了 MEV 中支持者的角色,而忽略了其他可能的价值实现方式。

以太坊研究员团队加入讨论,他认为 MEV 是可以从系统内部的特权位置提取的任何价值。Thognad 进一步细化了这个:任何玩家如果在系统内部有特权位置,并通过这个位置积极地利用系统漏洞或设计缺陷来获取超过参与者玩家所能获得的额外价值,都应被视为 MEV。并提出了一个「零 MEV」的基线设想,即如果一个区块构建者仅从公共交易池中遵循交易费用和时间顺序选择交易来构建区块,而不进行任何其他操作,则这应被视作零 MEV。mteam 回应称,由于区块链是多个的,网络速度和连接质量存在差异,不同节点可能看到的交易顺序和内容有所不同,因此很难设定一个统一的标准。他,认为唯一有用的定义是「恐龙的 MEV」。

Tina 转发了 mteam 在讨论中提到的问题:MEV 是否应被视为理论上可以从区块链系统中提取的价值,而 REV(Realized Extractable Value)则作为与理论价值相区分的实际提取价值。蒂娜指出推特上关于 MEV 的讨论通常会忽视 MEV 的正式定义,更多地是基于个人观点和便利性,方便使用这一术语,导致了市场对 MEV 的定义和理解的严重混乱。

Tina 进一步提到,一个关于 MEV 分类的 GitHub 问题讨论(已于 2021 年 12 月关闭)可能会阐明 MEV 的定义和分类提供系统性的解决方案。并考虑是否应重新开启此讨论,以便更好明确 MEV 的定义和分类,从而推动对 MEV 更深入的理解。

关于 MEV 分类的讨论

虽然这个 GitHub 讨论未能达成上述最终的统一结论,但它提出了多个方向来改进 MEV 的定义和分类。可以分为以下几个关键点:

如何区分地区潜在的可实现的价值与实际已实现的价值:

  • 可价值提取(Extractable Value):是指在区块链的当前状态下,通过分析上一个区块的交易,可以识别出所有可能的价值机会。这包括通过交易重排序、插入等方式理论上能够实现最大的价值。

  • 已提取价值(Extracted Value):是指在特定区块中实际提取的价值,即矿工或其他参与者通过实际操作(如交易重排序)获得的价值。这是一个实际的、可量化的价值。

如何区分 MEV 的好与坏:

  • 例如,套利操作通过帮助市场达到平衡可能被视为「好的 MEV」,而操纵交易顺序造成市场滑点或不公平交易则被视为「坏的 MEV」。此类区分有助于识别 MEV 的社会影响,并针对不同类型的 MEV 提出相应的对策。

重新定义术语:

  • 一些参与者已经提议引入新术语,例如实现的提取区分(REV),以明确实际提取的价值和理论上的可提取价值。黑暗 MEV(Dark MEV),以描述那些难以检测的控制器行为,例如通过斯坦福的市场干预进行的控制器。

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