联合国报告恐怖组织利用门罗币募捐,监管的「紧箍咒」更紧了?

深潮Pubblicato 2024-08-06Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-06

ISIL 等恐怖组织在其宣传的电子杂志中嵌入二维码,以门罗币等加密货币募捐。

撰文:Jahnu Jagtap,Cryptotimes

编译:Felix,PANews

随着恐怖组织适应日益数字化的世界,寻找新的筹集和转移资金的方式,全球反恐斗争正面临新的挑战。根据联合国安理会监察小组最近的调查结果,臭名昭著的恐怖组织 ISIL 从其长期信任的「哈瓦拉」(注:指一种非正式的资金流动方式,一般通过非授权经销商进行交易。此类交易不在印度中央银行的监管范围内,因此无法追溯资金源头)「迁移」到加密货币。

该报告指出,像 ISIL 和基地组织这样的恐怖组织正放弃传统的募资方式,如哈瓦拉、绑架和勒索,现在更倾向于使用「匿名性更强」的加密货币(以门罗币为代表),并在其宣传的电子杂志中嵌入二维码募捐。

这些组织甚至设置了「清真规范」(清真在伊斯兰教的社会中被译为合法),以推广其意识形态和运作。报告称,这些组织在 Telegram messenger 应用程序上设置了两个专门的加密频道,分别为 CryptoHalal 和 Umma Crypto,指导支持者获取和使用特定的数字货币,并接受根据「初步伊斯兰教法评估」批准的加密捐款。

例如,ISIL-K 利用隐私币的匿名性,使用链接到门罗币钱包的二维码发起募捐活动。尽管一些加密交易所将门罗币下架,但恐怖组织对门罗币的使用仍在增加,这使得当局很难追踪资金流向。

2020 年 8 月,美国政府查封了 300 多个加密账户、多个网站及 Facebook 页面,据称这些账户属于基地组织、ISIS 和哈马斯军事组织的成员。

值得注意的是,ISIL 对数字平台的使用范围不断扩大,引起了会员国的日益担忧。各种加密货币交易所、游戏平台、电子钱包和稳定币都用于筹集和转移资金。一个会员国指出,虽然使用现金快递和哈瓦拉汇款是资金转移到冲突地区的首选,但 ISIL 已有意转向加密货币和在线支付系统。随着电子钱包、预付手机卡销售和加密货币等数字方式的日益普及,预计此现象将变得更加普遍和重要。

由于能够混淆交易细节,门罗币等隐私币已成为恐怖主义融资的首选媒介。联合国报告强调了监控这些交易的难度,因为它们提供了传统金融系统无法比拟的匿名性。ISIL 及其分支利用这些特征进行筹款活动,确保他们的金融活动不被当局发现。

报告还强调了恐怖主义融资网络的复杂性。ISIL 的附属机构,特别是在非洲的附属机构,为该组织的资金募集做了重大贡献。这些附属机构通常依赖非正式渠道,使其不易受到干扰。例如,ISIL-K 在 2023 年募集了 250 万美元,其中一些可能与特定袭击有关,突显了这些组织构成的持续威胁。

联合国安理会监察小组的这份措辞严厉的报告,势必会让包括美国、英国、欧洲和印度在内的几个国家重视。近日,美国财政部金融犯罪执法网络(FinCEN)发出警告,敦促金融机构监控可能与恐怖组织哈马斯有关的加密货币交易。

此外,这份报告的影响也将波及加密行业。因为鹰派安全机构可能会加强与可疑活动有关资产流动监控。

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