与Luxor矿池谈矿业热点:英特尔芯片以太坊合并美国矿业监管

吴说区块链Pubblicato 2022-04-29Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-04-29

Introduzione

让另一家主要的ASIC制造商争夺硬件领域的市场份额,肯定会让矿工受益。对于北美矿工来说,出现美国国内的ASIC矿机生产商是一个非常积极的发展。

采访对象:

EthanVera(Luxor矿池COO)

ColinHarper(Luxor矿池研究总监)

1英特尔芯片会挑战传统格局吗?

COLIN:让另一家主要的ASIC制造商争夺硬件领域的市场份额,肯定会让矿工受益。对于北美矿工来说,出现美国国内的ASIC矿机生产商是一个非常积极的发展。

ETHAN:英特尔的引入也可能会改变矿机的外形,为更传统的数据中心构建新的芯片。在公开文件中,GRIID表示它购买了英特尔初始分配的25%用于矿机,所以看起来第一批将大致是TKTK矿机。英特尔可能会在今年出货所有这些产品,尽管供应链拥堵和其他行为可能会延迟一些出货量。

价格是可信的,因为它来自GRIID的公开备案。至于价格更低,我们已经在AntminerS19XP上看到了这一点(第一批预购75美元/天)。新矿工的初始订单价格较低是很常见的。一旦这些矿机进入转售市场(除非ASIC价格大幅下跌),它们的售价可能会超过公司购买它们的价格。

目前比特大陆绝对仍然是主导者。我们估计比特大陆机器占据了70%的市场份额。除了英特尔,Blockstream和Block(以前的Square)值得关注。ePICBlockchain也一直在开发比特币ASIC。我想说,如果有的话,这四家公司的定位是生产有竞争力的机器。

2以太坊POW转POS会顺利吗?ETC等其他加密货币能否取代显卡的算力?

COLIN:我们认为POW以太坊不会很快消失。但是,如果以太坊采用POS(坦率地说,随着开发人员的每次更新,它看起来越来越不可行),那么其他山寨币将吸收以太坊的哈希率。

ETHAN:这些链上的收入金额不会在一夜之间发生变化,但每个GH算力的价值会显着下降。

3能源价格上涨现在是否导致美国电价上涨

COLIN:是的,2021年是自2008年以来美国电价涨幅最快的一年。价格可能会在整个2022年继续上涨,这取决于乌克兰的情况和全球供应链在我们摆脱COVID后的复苏。从长远来看,我们认为这将对美国的能源基础设施产生积极影响,因为这将导致更多的能源项目获得资助。

4矿业公司上市还是一个不错的选择吗?

ETHAN:公开市场允许矿工利用私人公司无法获得的新资金池。它还为股东提供了一种更有效的退出机制,以获得其持有的流动性。虽然市场自2021年以来已经降温,但我们确实相信今年将会有许多新公司上市,包括之前宣布的PrimeBlock和Griid等公司。

5采矿业是否会成为类似于中国对美国的过度中心化问题?

COLIN:就我个人而言,我认为美国的算力集中度不会带来任何风险。美国有一个联邦制的国家结构,从法律角度来看,它是更好的采矿场所之一(例如,鉴于美国的法院系统和各州,在美国全面禁止采矿几乎是不可能的)。此外,中国挖矿集中化的一个问题源于这样一个事实,即挖矿的每个方面(矿工、矿池和ASIC供应)基本上都集中在中国——禁止后,挖矿的每个部门在地理上变得更加分散。

最后一点:矿工为了自己的利益而运作,并且强烈反对攻击网络。我认为矿工可以集中在一个地方,他们自己不会对网络构成威胁(他们确实对网络构成威胁,但根据我上面的观点,我认为这与其他国家相比,在美国发生的可能性要小得多)。

6美国监管是否会成为未来POW挖矿的负担?

COLIN:这真的取决于立法者和监管者的严格程度。到目前为止,矿工没有任何负担,但当然这可能会改变。例如,国会试图在其最近的基础设施法案中推动一项条款,将矿工归类为经纪人,以达到税收目的。我们还看到一些参议员提出了一项法案,该法案将使矿工根据制裁法制裁来自俄罗斯个人的交易。

监管可能是一个障碍,但最近没有任何让矿工不利的监管。此外,美国各州法律保护矿工免受联邦政府侵害的程度比大多数其他国家大得多。

7除了美国,世界上还有哪些国家会是更有潜力的地区?

COLIN:我们非常看好加拿大和南美的比特币开采,特别是委内瑞拉、巴拉圭、阿根廷和哥伦比亚。俄罗斯也很受欢迎,而伊朗和哈萨克斯坦由于电网和政治不稳定而失宠。

ETHAN:我们认为像挪威这样的国家在采矿方面有着光明的未来,不过必须远离任何潜在的欧盟对其他欧洲国家的监管。

8对想去北美的中国矿工有什么建议吗?

ETHAN:在评估向北美转移时,我们建议中国矿工花时间调查他们的同行。通常,纸面上最好的交易往往执行起来并不好。所以这里的关键是便宜的并不总是更好的,预先削减成本可能会导致长期利润下降。Luxor始终乐于与中国人一起探索新的商机。

9你预测今年美联储多轮加息对比特币和采矿业的影响?

ETHAN:我们认为大幅加息的可能性不大,可能会有一系列加息,但幅度在75个基点(0.75%)以内。总体而言,随着利率的上升,我们认为在所有其他条件相同的情况下,这将对比特币的价格构成不利影响,但这里还有其他因素在起作用,例如将比特币定位为世界储备货币。优化运营成本和良好执行的矿工能够经受住短期波动。

10、现在很多比特币挖矿公司都成为比特币持有者。这种行为是否可持续?

COLIN:基本上所有的大型矿工(1EH/+)都在这一点上做到了。至于是否可持续,他们可以通过出售股权(这通常会让股东不高兴,因为它稀释股票价值)或通过融资(贷款)来支付他们的运营费用。需要达成平衡,如果利率上升得足够高,矿工将拥有更少的有吸引力的融资选择。他们总是可以接受比特币支持的贷款,但这在利率较高的环境中也变得不那么有吸引力。许多矿工会尽可能长时间地持有,但视市场情况而定,有些人将不可避免地不得不出售。

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