DApp 要想获得成功,需要具备哪些因素?

长文源:foresightnewsPubblicato 2023-11-05Pubblicato ultima volta 2023-11-06

Introduzione

产品与市场契合度可能是协议成功的最重要因素。

产品与市场契合度可能是协议成功的最重要因素。


撰文:Stacy Muur

编译:Luffy,Foresight News


在过去的 7 年里,我一直致力于构建 Web3 产品:有些产品飞速发展,有些则表现平平。这些胜利和失败促使我创建了评估 DApp 潜力的框架。


背景


我的 Web3 之旅始于 2016 年,当时我是一名营销人员。我曾与许多协议合作过,并致力于推动它们的成功。


但我的影响力有限。产品开发、代币经济学和筹款等都超出了我的能力范围。因此,我必须将我的专业知识扩展到营销之外。所以,这个 DApp 评估框架诞生了。


我认为,DApp 成功的四大支柱是:


  • 产品市场契合度(PMF):构建满足市场需求的产品。
  • 通过营销和激励活动培养强大的社区。
  • 实施可持续的代币经济,在激励措施和长期价值增长之间取得平衡。
  • 时机正确:在合适的时机推出协议和代币。


产品与市场契合度


PMF 可能是协议成功的最重要因素。找到产品与市场的契合点意味着:


  • 高需求:产品解决了问题或满足了市场上大量用户的需求。
  • 用户留存:客户不仅尝试该产品,而且随着时间的推移继续使用它,这表明该产品提供持续的价值。
  • 口碑:满意的用户向其他人推荐该产品,表明有机增长和积极的市场反应。
  • 易于销售:产品无需采取刻意的销售策略,这表明其价值主张清晰且引人注目。
  • 市场反馈:来自市场的反馈绝大多数是积极的,任何批评往往会带来可管理的改进,而不是根本问题。
  • 扩展:公司可以成功地将产品交付给不断增长的用户群,而不会降低用户满意度或产品质量。
  • 盈利能力:产品能够产生可持续且不断增长的收入流,并且有明确的盈利途径。
  • 竞争优势:产品因其独特的功能、质量或用户体验而在竞争中脱颖而出。


这个领域的一个很好的例子是@friendtech。


虽然我个人认为利用博主的粉丝是不道德的(因为有影响力的人实际上为他们的主要持有者带来价值的情况更多的是例外而不是常态),但 Friend Tech 已经完美地确定了自己的利基市场。


它们为意见领袖提供了赚取额外收入的机会以及与其他博主竞争的新平台。作为回报,他们要求意见领袖将受众吸引到他们的平台上。


这一策略针对的是博主的自负。


结果? Twitter 上充斥着呼吁其他人加入 Friend Tech 并购买密钥的博主。忠实的粉丝迅速加入了这一运动,导致密钥的价值增加。这反过来又为投机者形成了一个新的市场。


每当有新博主加入 Friend Tech 时,投机者就会抢走他们的密钥,然后将其出售给该博主的忠实社区成员。


Friend Tech 有可能以惊人的转化率实现了规模庞大的 Twitter 活动,并且所有营销成本为零。


原因?产品与市场的完美契合。


像这样的例子非常罕见。


通常,新协议关注已有的行业并提出对现有模型的改进。


「dYdX?不够去中心化。我们将引入完全链上的订单簿并主导市场!」


「Maple?仅针对机构投资者。我们将为普通人创建一个 Maple!」


「Friend Tech?基于 Base 构建,我们将在 Solana 上构建它!」


正如你可能已经了解的那样,这些示例并未证明产品与市场的契合度足够强。


通常,每个行业都有 3-5 个突出的协议,这些协议要么部署在不同的网络中(例如@opensea 和@MagicEden ),要么提供不同的用户体验和功能集(例如@dYdX 和@GMX_IO)。


一旦一个行业建立起来并确定了主导者,获得重要的市场份额就变得非常具有挑战性。


成为区块链生态系统中的领导者?这是可能的,除非当前的市场领导者决定朝同一方向扩展。


征服更狭窄的利基市场并针对特定用户群定制产品(例如@Penpiexyz_io 与@pendle_fi 的关系)?好多了。然而,大多数协议都有更大的野心。


让我们总结一下产品市场契合部分。


如果满足以下条件,项目成功的机会就很高:


  • 他们是某个行业的先驱,或者是在特定领域率先发布强大产品的参与者之一。
  • 他们的目标不是在大行业中占据较大的市场份额,而是专注于改进现有市场参与者(LSTfi、Yield Vaults)的产品。
  • 他们的目标是需求未得到满足的利基用户群。


社区与营销


现在,让我们深入研究营销和社区建设。


这一方面使协议能够吸引用户使用其产品并获得短期炒作。


但为什么是短期的呢?如果该产品不提供任何新东西,缺乏长期利益,并且只是具有临时激励措施的另一个分叉版本,那么用户留存率将会受到影响。


在我的职业生涯中,我遇到过这样的案例:建立了庞大而活跃的社区,但产品本身却未能真正满足用户需求。


结果呢?低留存率和不断增加的营销预算,这不是一个健康的情况。


同时,精心设计且具有独特功能的协议可以通过适当的营销策略轻松取得成功。


以下是一些需要注意的关键事项:


  • 旨在吸引新受众并提高现有社区留存率的激励计划。
  • 在 Twitter 上持续开展宣传活动,与博主建立长期合作伙伴关系,并开展大使活动。
  • 定期举办的留存活动,例如锦标赛、赏金狩猎和创意竞赛。
  • 针对竞争对手用户的短期吸血鬼营销活动。


当协议提供真正独特的东西时,所有这些策略都是最有效的。


代币经济学


下一步是什么?代币经济学。


首先,需要注意的是,并非所有协议和服务都需要代币。只有在提供竞争优势和额外用例(例如实际收益或治理)的情况下才应启动代币。


不幸的是,许多 DeFi 应用程序无视这一原则,只是为了发币而发币,往往其唯一目的是从社区筹集资金。


设计不良的代币有可能毁掉一切。


在 Web3 社区中,人们通常主要根据其代币启动时的表现来判断 DApp。


如果代币发行后价值下降,忠实的社区成员很可能会绝望地出售其持有的代币,从而导致非常负面的影响。


结果?用户流失严重,社区情绪低迷,获取新用户成本高昂。


这不像一个成功的故事。


市场时机


最后,我们来谈谈时机。


熊市是建设的最佳时机;但当牛市到来时,你就应该专注于营销。这是黄金法则。


不幸的是,并非所有协议(甚至一些好的协议)都有足够的资金来度过这个冬天。


一些人采取了代币销售的方式,但这只会导致社区陷入绝望,因为价格不可避免地暴跌。其他人只是停止维护他们的协议或放慢开发速度。


筹集资金、快速建设并在合适的时机推出,这至关重要。


有趣的是:如果产品与市场的契合度足够强,那么获得风险投资资金和获得社区支持并不是主要挑战。


然而,如果缺乏契合度,大多数协议都别无选择,只能等待。

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