【研报精选】如何从山寨币轧空行情中获利?

Foresight VenturesPubblicato 2023-06-13Pubblicato ultima volta 2026-06-04

Introduzione

Foresight Ventures认为:尽管做空可以让交易者从资产价格下跌中获利。但是有时会蕴含很高的风险。一旦做成成本突然增加也会引发轧空。轧空交易较易发生在小市值或成交不活跃的山寨币上,部分交易者会观察潜在的轧空机会,在早期启动阶段积累头寸,并利用价格快速拉升的时机抛售。

一、何为轧空交易?
做空可以让交易者从资产价格下跌中获利。这是对冲现有持仓或看跌市场行情的常见方式。但是做空交易有时会蕴含很高的风险。首先,当买盘突然增加时,大量做空者被迫平仓而不断买入资产时,短时间市场上需求量远超过流通量,因供应不足而拉高价格时,可能会引发轧空交易。其次,当某操纵集团将流通盘吸纳集中,致使市场上卖空者除此集团外,没有其他来源买回筹码时,也会引发操纵性轧空。
轧空交易较易发生在小市值或成交不活跃的山寨币上。特别在使用高杠杆的加密市场,由于连续强制平仓会导致瀑布效应,价格变化也更加剧烈。部分高级交易者会观察潜在的轧空机会,在早期启动阶段积累头寸,并利用价格快速拉升的时机抛售。
二、轧空交易的几个关键指标
1、合约的资金费率:出现轧空的前提是空头仓位压倒性多过多头仓位。具体表现形式是,当某山寨币的合约资金费率超过-0.1% (即空头日化利息 0.3% ,年化利息超过 100% ),则说明短期空头情绪较为极致,超过-0.75% 更会加速上涨。后面的几个讨论案例都看到出现极端的负值资金费率。

轧空交易

2、合约持仓:更重要的是,被套牢的流动性越多,轧空带来的波动性就越大。主要体现在两个方面,首先合约持仓量越接近流通市值,合约成交量越接近现货成交量的 50% ,则越容易发生轧空行情。其次合约持仓量要短期增长 50% 以上,说明主力资金在进场。如果持仓量下降,则说明主力资金在撤退,此时需要获利了结。

轧空交易

3、筹码分布:适用于庄家进行操纵性轧空,筹码结构越集中,行情波动越极致。

轧空交易

三、近期几个经典案例分析
1、LINA:Linear 是一个跨链兼容的 defi 类合成资产协议,基本面乏善可陈。5 月底开始质押铸造稳定币 LUSD,质押比例高达流通的 22% 。稳定币 LUSD 和 BUSD 组对 LP 挖代币 LINA 的收益率高达 60% ,吸引了预计有 10% 的比例套保挖矿。市场主力进场买入 23% 的流通量,如此一来质押的 22% 加上庄家控盘的 23% ,总共约 50% 的 LINA 筹码被锁定。这是一个很典型的操纵性轧空,庄家手握现货操纵合约。

轧空交易

我们可以观察到,LINA 的合约资金费率从 5 月 28 日起,大幅超过-0.1% ,最高在 5 月 31 日和 6 月 3 日达到-2% 的顶格资金费率。合约持仓也从 5 月 28 日开始大幅上涨,持仓量 5000 万美元,而此时流通市值仅 7000 万美元;合约成交量 5000 万美元,接近现货成交量 9000 万美元的 50% ,很容易引发空头平仓供不应求的情况。于是 5 月 28 日到 6 月 3 日一周时间,LINA 币价快速拉升上涨 2–3 倍。

轧空交易

轧空交易

2、ARPA:ARPA 网络是一个去中心化的安全计算网络,是个 2018 年的隐私公链。近期完成随机数生成器的建设,进行第二期的测试网测试,主网预计很快上线。做市商 4 月新换成 DWF,DWF 历史上曾多次坐庄其他加密项目。

轧空交易

我们可以观察到,ARPA 的合约资金费率从 5 月 12 日起,大幅超过-0.1% ,中间虽经历波折,但高费率一直持续到 5 月 16 日,极值一度高达-1% 。更重要的是合约持仓,从 5 月 12 日开始大涨,持仓量 3000 万美元,接近流通市值 4000 万美元。合约成交量 3000 万美元,接近现货成交量 7000 万美元的 50% 。于是 ARPA 的轧空行情在两周时间内,快速上涨 3–4 倍。

轧空交易

轧空交易

3、MTL:Metal 是带有用户激励的加密资产支付平台,是 2017 年的老项目。市场主力控盘约 10% 的流通盘,近期在韩国交易所 Upbit 上交易量很夸张。

轧空交易

我们可以观察到,MTL 的合约资金费率在 5 月 6 日出现异常,但轧空过快一天结束。然后 6 月 6 日再次出现异常,后期一度高达-1.8% 的极值。更重要的是, 6 月 6 日起合约持仓量大幅攀升,持仓量 6000 万美元,很接近流通市值 8000 万美元。合约成交量 8000 万美元,接近现货成交量 1.6 亿美元的 50% 。这波轧空行情 MTL 在一周时间内上涨了 2–3 倍。

轧空交易

轧空交易

无独有偶,去年的 LEVER、BEL 等小市值山寨币也经历了类似的轧空手法,例如高资金费率,高合约与现货持仓比,高合约与现货交易比,突然暴增的持仓量等,这里就不再一一赘述。
四、轧空交易的风险
每个硬币都有正反两面,轧空交易也存在一定的不确定性。
1、加密交易所会临时修改规则。如果默认持仓限额增多,则利多;默认持仓限额减少,则利空。例如币安交易所就在 6 月 3 日临时调整 LINAUSDT 杠杆和保证金阶梯, 6 月 7 日临时调整 MTLUSDT 杠杆和保证金阶梯,都是一种“我们要随时改规矩了”的强烈警告信号,意思是别想着你们赚钱而让我们交易所顶锅。
2、山寨币后续的价值回归。虽然有很多山寨币在轧空后走高,但更多的是随着价格飙涨,这些曾被大量卖空的山寨币又持续下跌。有个常用的见顶指标,即是山寨币现货(或合约)成交量与山寨之王 ETH 成交量的比较。从历史数据看,一旦山寨币现货(或合约)成交量超过或接近 ETH,大概率是短期情绪顶部。而 4 小时振幅超过 20% 也需要止盈。总的来说,轧空行情偏向技术面模式,而非基本面事件,往往会导致一些散户投资者蒙受损失。

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