你知道吗?炒鞋的那帮人,现在去炒数字藏品了

区块律动Pubblicato 2022-04-02Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-04-02

Introduzione

「炒鞋、炒手办潮玩早没那么火热了,现在圈子里都是炒数字藏品了。」球鞋玩家老刘介绍着。

「炒鞋、炒手办潮玩早没那么火热了,现在圈子里都是炒数字藏品了。」球鞋玩家老刘介绍着。

在2019年9月,Supreme19FW的开季赠品伞兵玩具在二级市场上被炒至2000多元的消息刷爆了鞋圈,限量款球鞋、潮玩单品疯狂炒作,创造了无数的财富神话。但随着后来「鞋穿不炒」的监管限制,现在的球鞋潮玩市场早就没有了昔日的火热景象,甚至有些惨淡。鞋圈玩家平时除了偶尔盯一下限量款球鞋的发售,目光都转向了另一个市场——数字藏品。

「给你看看这玩意有多赚钱,」老刘发来了一张数字藏品二级市场的报价截图,「这些原本只有几块钱甚至免费的图片,现在能卖几万块钱,你敢相信吗?」

朋友圈中流传的数字藏品二级市场的报价图

NFT的名字早已传遍各个角落,在区块链应用中,成为比比特币更出圈的物种。文娱体育奢侈品带动了这个目前市值超过170亿美元的赛道的同时,数字藏品概念也火了。

在国内腾讯、百度等各大厂的布局下,这个概念迅速崛起,A股相关概念的二级市场表现已经惊人,而在另一片非公开的交易市场内,上演着更加夸张的财富效应。NFT和数字藏品,这两个看似可以相互替换的名词,却有着完全割裂的市场和玩家。

年轻人的新暴富梦

「数字藏品能赚7万倍,NFT能吗?」在谈及数字藏品和NFT时,00后数字藏品爱好者小王问道。

2021年9月24日,蚂蚁集团声明称,接网友举报,蚂蚁链与阿里拍卖联手下架一起涉嫌网络欺诈的交易。一位ID名为「街舞怪才」的用户在拍卖平台发布「亚运会火炬」的相关竞价信息。蚂蚁链表示,「街舞怪才」在拍卖页面附上了数字火炬藏品的详情图,混淆了数字藏品和实体火炬的差异,对买家造成误导,涉嫌欺诈,因此平台下架对应违规商品并对用户进行相应违规处理。杭州亚运会火炬NFT限量发行21000份,售价39元,但在当时场外被爆炒至300万元,围观人数超过1.5万人。

亚运会火炬NFT

这个限量的亚运会火炬NFT,正是小王口中所说的「能赚7万倍」的数字藏品。虽然这笔交易最终并没有成交,但玩家们并不这么认为,「如果不是蚂蚁官方干涉,大家都觉得当时十分有可能会以这个价格成交。」小王说。

夸张的7万倍没有出现,但数百倍还是存在的。

早在2021年6月23日,支付宝旗下的蚂蚁链粉丝粒上线了第一款数字藏品「敦煌飞天和九色鹿」,该系列藏品由敦煌研究院设计并发行,发售价格为9.9元+支付宝10积分。随后在闲鱼上炒到了上万元,其中最高被炒到了150万元一个,但仅仅过了不到一天,闲鱼就匆匆下架了所有的相关产品。

公开交易平台的消失更激发了玩家的斗志,玩家们组建了场外交易群,「飞天」的数字藏品从几千炒到了上万,不同的号码还有不一样的叫价。「昨天我卖了7500,今天已经1万了,少赚2000多。」一位获利750倍的玩家还有些遗憾。

「敦煌飞天和九色鹿」数字藏品

「大多数数字藏品售价都是几十块钱甚至几块钱,即使亏也亏不了多少,NFT我了解过一些,太贵了,我亏不起。」小王说到这里有些沮丧。诚然,现在大多数的NFT项目在通过各种方法拿到能参与预售的白名单资格后,0.1ETH(约2100人民币)左右的预售价格已经算得上是十分便宜了,而这对于每个月只有2000元的生活费的普通大学生小王来说就显得十分捉襟见肘了。数字藏品对他来说无疑是绝佳的「NFT平替」,既能享受购买并收藏数字艺术品的乐趣,又能够以相对较低的成本去进行投资理财。

小王最近售出的数字藏品盈利截图

小王分享着最近售出的数字藏品的盈利截图,「搏一搏单车变摩托,万一暴富了呢?」他说这可能代表了圈子里很多像他一样的年轻人的暴富梦。

年轻人的新玩物

「我点开它,就会显示这个东西是属于我的」,这种「证明」给了她一种像收藏了真实文物一样的快感,它源于人类最原始的占有欲,「某种意义上,我穿越千年拥有了它,就跟它以及它背后的古老文明、英雄故事、恢弘历史都建立了一种联系。」说起自己的数字藏品,数字藏品爱好者Jessica话语中满是抑制不住的兴奋,那是一款由湖北省博物馆授权推出的「越王宝剑」数字藏品。

湖北省博物馆推出的「越王宝剑」数字藏品

而这只是她拥有50多个藏品中的一件,平时闲暇时,她会打开数字藏品平台,放大、缩小仔细观看藏品上的细节。如果是3D作品,还可以旋转观赏。通过3D技术,人可以极近距离地看到一把3D「越王宝剑」上的纹路、宝石、刻字,「差距仅仅是无法真实触碰而已。」

鲸探发行「十二生肖文物」数字藏品

数字藏品的发行,不难看到的是有很多权威机构背书和顶级IP加持的。前有央视网和证监会法定媒体《上海证券报》入局数字藏品,增强了消费者的投资信心。后有春节期间蚂蚁链的数字藏品平台鲸探联合24家博物馆(院)发行「虎文物」、「十二生肖文物」、「镇馆之宝」等3D数字藏品。春节和冬奥盛事双喜相逢,数字藏品作为一种贺喜新形式加速进入大众视野,影响力不断扩大,数字藏品的价值开始被大众讨论。1月19日,数字藏品登上百度热搜第十位,随后数字藏品百度指数飙升。「昨天刚去抽签了丰子恺的数字藏品,这种文物的IP估计很难出现在国外的NFT上吧?」Jessica介绍着国内数字藏品的优势。

百度指数关键词「数字藏品」搜索趋势

在谈及资产确权时,因NFT部署在Ethereum等公链上,具有去中心化的优点。区块链是一个分布式账本,所有的数据都是公开透明的,一旦写入区块内则不可修改,因而个人的NFT资产在确权方面是有保障的。而国内的数字藏品平台如鲸探(蚂蚁链)和幻核(至信链)等等绝大多数采用的是联盟链技术,联盟链将少数同等权力的参与方视为验证者,而不是像公有链那样开放的系统,让任何人都可以验证区块。联盟链的缺点是显而易见的,交易规则、资产所有权实际并不由用户所控制,而是被这些数字藏品平台所控制。

「管它是公链、联盟链还是私链呢,有这么多权威机构背书,大厂总不能像某些NFT项目一样跑路吧。」Jessica表示,大多数的数字藏品的投资者像她一样,并不在意最终这个数字藏品是真正属于自己还是属于平台。有大平台和权威机构做背书,相较于时有诈骗问题出现的NFT项目,他们更愿意相信数字藏品是更安全一些的。

庞大的消费群体造就了这个新市场,律动BlockBeats在社群中发现,数字藏品的新项目发布已经按小时为频率统计。仅4月1日单日,就有33个新数字藏品发布,单价10元至3万不等。有平台甚至为新品做出了详细时间表,并附有推荐指数。炒股炒鞋的那一套玩法,在数字藏品上重现。

图源:四十景

NFT与数字藏品割裂的市场

「抢数字藏品很简单,我还教会了我爸妈跟我一起抢,但是NFT直到现在我还没研究明白怎么买。」90年的Kevin似乎有些抱怨。

对比数字藏品,NFT的门槛太高了。参与NFT则需要很多的相关知识铺垫:学习钱包、私钥、地址、白名单、mint等概念,还要会科学上网、转账、区分各个公链,更要当心CryptoWorld里各种骗局和钓鱼链接,甚至英语也是劝退很多投资者的重要原因之一。

国内数字藏品平台操作简单

而以国内的某数字藏品平台为例,参与一次数字藏品发售只需要三步:进入网站,点击抽签,获得资格付款即可。对很多数字藏品爱好者来说,数字藏品给他们带来了一种较亲民的收藏机会,而购买NFT的学习成本太高了。

某球鞋资讯平台上关于数字藏品的发售信息

「数字藏品基本上是年轻人在买单。」据Kevin透露,在自己所加入的数字藏品交流群中,很少看到有人年龄超过35岁,其中超过半数是95后。谈及年轻人对数字藏品有如此热度的原因,Kevin表示,其中一部分年轻人把这个作为一种理财方式,这些人同时也经历过「炒鞋」、「炒手办」等,现在的新风口就是数字藏品。目前,很多球鞋资讯平台上也都加入了数字藏品接口,除了监控球鞋潮玩等发售情况,各个数字藏品平台也列入了他们的监控列表。

各大数字藏品平台有着操作简单的优势,这为那些刚加入数字藏品市场的新玩家降低了门槛,同时一些潮流资讯平台的入场让玩家能够及时了解数字藏品的发售信息,更是为这个市场的火热势头推波助澜。

数字藏品的鄙视链与监管

「你们搞NFT是违法的吧?」刚接触数字藏品一个月的Alex问。

这个问题乍看起来可能是有些可笑,但这确实是很多数字藏品爱好者的疑惑,也恰恰是很多NFT从业者心中的「达摩克利斯之剑」。

国内对虚拟货币的监管历来十分严格。早在去年,国家发改委等11部门宣布虚拟货币「挖矿」活动将被正式列为淘汰类产业;同时,央行等10部门明确虚拟货币不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位,相关业务活动属于非法金融活动。尽管NFT与虚拟货币并不等同,但鉴于NFT与同质化代币应用相似的区块链技术基础,且NFT存在炒作、金融产品化等风险,随着NFT应用的推广和流行,未来NFT的铸造、发行、销售、流转都可能会有监管的介入。

数字藏品在中国的发展路径遵循着不同于海外市场的商业模式,在发行、销售、流通等方面探索和建立中国化的规则和标准。第一,鲸探等国内主流数字藏品平台均强调数字藏品有特定艺术品的实际价值做支撑,不具备支付功能等任何货币属性。第二,区别于海外以虚拟货币作为标价和交易货币,国内的数字藏品以人民币作为标价和交易货币,很大程度上保证了数字藏品价值的稳定。第三,国内主流平台均架构在联盟链上,区块链技术提供方可以设计其使用和交易规则,在平台上发行的数字藏品可以从源头设计上实现不可转让(即暂不开放二级交易市场),使得国内的数字藏品可以做到真正的「去货币化」。

从实际效果看,严格的「有限转增」在一定程度上减少了炒作的发生,但也引发大批场外交易乱象。灰黑产业暗生,场外交易成诈骗高发地,类似「假担保人」的诈骗时有发生,诈骗数额也在几百元到几万元不等。针对鲸探拥有180天转赠期等问题,部分玩家还通过拟定交易合同进行提前售卖先行获利,在解除转赠限制后再转交货品。但这种合同是否真正有法律效力是要打一个大大的问号的,「合同生效是建立在法律的基础上。虽然合同里会规定什么三倍赔偿的条款,但是平台不支持转卖,没有法律效力,一切都是废纸。」

对此,鲸探客服回应:「鲸探不支持任何形式的转卖行为,请谨防欺诈风险。」

NFT与数字藏品创造的财富效应是颇为相似的,而实际却是两个十分割裂的市场,种种原因让它们之间充斥着偏见与鄙视链。诚然,老刘、小王、Kevin、Jessica、Alex他们是一群投机者,一群对于新鲜的事物有着强烈的好奇心的年轻人。在180天之后,转赠将正式放开,会发生什么并无法预知——但能够知道的是,这种抢购数字藏品的体验为他们带来的,不仅仅是金钱上的盈利,更重要的是收藏带给他们的简单又原始的快乐——就像集邮一样。

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