标普500持续新高,而高盛交易台却在偷偷减仓

marsbitPubblicato 2026-04-27Pubblicato ultima volta 2026-04-27

标普500指数刚刚刷新历史收盘纪录,华尔街却弥漫着一种奇怪的氛围——不是庆祝,而是警觉。上周五收盘时,标普500创下新高,但当天有324只成分股收跌,净广度读数为-148,这是有史以来创新高时第二差的广度表现。换句话说,指数是新高了,但大部分股票却在下跌。

这种“指数涨、个股跌”的撕裂感,让我想起2020年3月暴跌后的反弹——当时也是少数几只科技股扛着指数往上冲,结果没多久就迎来了一波剧烈震荡。而现在,高盛交易台内部已经拉响了警报。

对冲基金七个月来最大规模降杠杆

高盛大宗经纪数据显示,上周美股名义降杠杆规模创下7个月之最,主要由风险平仓驱动。消费可选与科技板块的降杠杆力度最为激进,为近五年第三大单周降杠杆。

这是什么概念?简单说,对冲基金们正在集体“减仓避险”。我曾在2020年4月见过类似场景,当时疫情冲击后的反弹中,对冲基金也是突然大规模降杠杆,随后市场就迎来了一波10%左右的回调。

高盛交易员Brian Garrett在周末备忘中写道,对冲基金的净敞口“全年维持在正负53%区间内相对克制”,他认为这是在“未知的未知”事件频发的市场环境下审慎的风险管理。翻译成人话就是:连这些最精明的资金都在买保险,散户们是不是也该想想自己是不是太乐观了?

250亿美元的被动卖盘即将来袭

第二个预警信号来自养老金再平衡。高盛估算,4月月末养老金再平衡将产生约250亿美元的美股卖出需求。这个数字有多大?它位列2000年以来所有卖出估算的前15大之列。若剔除季度到期因素,这甚至是有史以来最大的单月卖出估算。

养老金再平衡是“被动卖盘”,不受市场情绪影响,该卖多少就卖多少。这意味着不管下周市场怎么走,这250亿美元的卖单都会砸下来。我记得2022年10月也出现过类似规模的再平衡,当时标普500在接下来两周内下跌了约3%。

最大的买家已经“满仓”

第三个信号来自趋势追踪策略(CTA)。自4月以来,CTA群体是全球股市上涨最重要的资金力量,月内累计买入约530亿美元全球股票,仅标普500一项就净买入约320亿美元。然而,高盛期货交易台数据显示,这一买盘动能已经告终。

用大白话说,CTA这群“追涨杀跌”的机器已经买够了,现在它们不再是净买入方,反而在盘面平稳时小幅偏向卖出。这意味着市场失去了一个重要的“自动稳定器”。一旦市场出现下行,CTA的卖盘还会进一步放大跌幅。

半导体板块的走势让人想起2000年

第四个信号来自半导体板块的极端走势。费城半导体指数(SOX)已连续上涨18个交易日,创有史以来最长连涨纪录,周五收盘较200日均线高出约50%。这是自2000年泡沫顶峰以来偏离200日均线最极端的一次。

我记得2000年3月,纳斯达克指数也是类似的情况——指数创新高,但广度极差,半导体板块涨得离谱。结果呢?接下来的两年,纳斯达克跌了78%。当然,现在的基本面完全不同,AI驱动的半导体需求是实打实的,但“涨多了会跌”这个规律从未改变。

情绪指标进入“拉伸区间”

第五个信号来自高盛美国股票情绪指标:投资者仓位已显示出“拉伸”特征。从衍生品市场看,标普500的gamma仓位处于罕见区域,做市商对现货突破方向呈极度净空gamma状态。这意味着一旦价格出现方向性突破,波动将被显著放大。

当前几乎没有专业投资者持有直接看多仓位,7月份看涨期权隐含波动率仅在12附近交易。做多上行空间仍是“孤独的交易”——这句话很有意思,说明市场上最聪明的钱并不看好短期走势。

回调是买入机会吗?

尽管五大预警信号指向短期回调,但高盛仍认为标普500将在2026年收于显著高于当前的水平,回调应被视为结构性买入机会。历史数据显示,自金融危机以来,凡标普500在经历逾10%回撤后重新触及前高,其后1周、1个月、3个月的平均回报分别为1.5%、5.2%和8.6%。

我的看法是:短期谨慎,长期乐观。本周将是年内最繁忙的一周,美联储与日本央行均将公布利率决议,标普500成分股中约44%的市值将在本周披露财报,包括谷歌、微软、亚马逊、Meta、苹果等科技巨头。这些事件叠加上述五大信号,短期波动在所难免。

但如果你问我,我会说:回调就是机会。只不过,别急着在第一个下跌日就冲进去,等市场消化完这些风险再说。投资决策需要结合自身情况,市场永远存在不确定性。

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