ReFi 赛道概览:项目与 VC 扎堆涌现,或成 2023 Web3「大叙事」

白泽研究院Publicado a 2023-01-26Actualizado a 2023-01-26

Resumen

2023 年可能会是 ReFi 获得主流关注和采用的一年

​DeFi(去中心化金融)于 2020 年夏季腾飞,成为上一轮加密货币牛市以及此后大量投机活动的代名词。DeFi 的诞生在一定程度上是为了解决银行、机构未能提供透明和包容性的金融体系的问题。

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ReFi(再生金融),植根于再生经济学理论,旨在通过加密货币以更具包容性和可持续性的方式应对气候变化、支持环境保护和保护生物多样性,引入激励机制,对绿色发展做出贡献的行为进行奖励,以推动社会可持续性发展。我预测在 2023 年,ReFi 将比 DeFi 更加火热,尤其是在加密货币与气候变化的交叉点上。

”“

除了熊市和加密企业丑闻之外,以太坊的合并主导了 2022 年的大部分 Crypto 叙述。在合并事件中,最受加密社区争论的是以太坊新的权益证明 (PoS) 共识机制导致碳排放量大幅减少,特别是与比特币的能源密集型共识机制工作量证明 (PoW) 相比。

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然而,这只是加密货币与气候之间的关系的冰山一角。随着我们进入 2023 年,我们已经可以看到有数十个 ReFi 项目正在利用加密货币来加速用户通往低碳经济的道路,同时也出现了很多专注于投资 ReFi 项目的新风险基金。

一、ReFi 区块链、项目正在涌现

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目前,有非常多的 Layer-1 和 Layer-2 区块链明确会促进和支持低碳经济,甚至创建奖励金以鼓励 ReFi 项目部署在其区块链上。包括 Cosmos、Internet Computer、Hedera、Topl、Polygon、Celo、Near、Algorand 等。

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然而,对我而言,更有趣的是探索部署在这些区块链上的 ReFi 项目,因为它们的出现,使加密货币有望对人类和地球产生更直接的影响。

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ReFi 最主要的用例是气候,旨在为价值 2700 亿美元的全球碳抵消市场带来更多透明度。长久以来,碳抵消市场一直受到供应方和需求方对可信度的质疑。

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基于 Cosmos 区块链的 Regen Network 专注于帮助企业在链上购买、交易和回收碳信用额度。与此同时,Klima DAO 创建了一个代币化的碳抵消解决方案,在撰写本文时,该解决方案已支持从全球大气中透明化的清除超过 1700 万吨的二氧化碳。

更令我兴奋的是,我们可以看到 ReFi 的萌芽在区块链和碳抵消领域之外生长。每个行业和消费者活动都会对气候产生某种影响,而 ReFi 项目正在涌现,以应对这些挑战。

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与在链上引入碳抵消类似,Reneum 正在利用区块链技术在可再生能源信用 (REC) 领域创造更高的透明度。与此同时,Powerledger 自 2016 年成立以来一直是促进点对点 (P2P) 及去中心化可再生能源交易的早期参与者。

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我认为,在用户层面,ReFi 项目可以采用游戏化的方式,例如通过 Move-to-Earn (M2E) ,将 M2E 与低碳减排联系起来,让个性化、透明和代币化的碳抵消在 2023 年成为现实。

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二、ReFi 游戏:一边玩游戏一边影响环境

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ReFi 领域已经有数十个游戏已经发布或有望在 2023 年初发布。我创建了一个图表来试图搞清楚 ReFi 游戏领域的多样性以及用户可以获得的奖励类型。

奖励类型

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奖励类型反映在 x 轴上。左边是“赚取影响力奖励”(Earn Impact Rewards),右边是“赚取财务奖励”(Earn Financial Rewards)。

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赚取影响奖励:用户玩 ReFi 游戏的主要奖励是影响奖励(例如,赚取代表用户种植的树木)。

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赚取财务奖励:用户玩 ReFi 游戏的主要奖励是现金或有现金价值的奖励(例如加密货币、具有现金价值的奖品等)。

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游戏机制

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y 轴上的游戏机制反映了游戏在应用程序中的主要作用,上面是“将用户影响游戏化”(Gamifies User Impact),下面是“将影响结果游戏化”(Gamifies Impact Outcomes)。

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将用户影响游戏化:试图将用户对 ReFi 重点领域(例如收集垃圾)的影响游戏化。

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将影响结果游戏化:致力于制作更像传统的 Web2 或 Web3 游戏的有趣游戏,但以某种方式将影响嵌入到用户玩游戏的结果中(例如,赢得比赛并获得积分的获胜者,能够将奖励分配给有影响力的组织)。

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2 种不同类型的 ReFi 游戏

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目前主要有两种不同类型的 ReFi 游戏,“Play4Impact”(玩游戏获得影响)和“Impact2Earn”(边影响边赚钱)。

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Play4Impact 的主要特点是游戏能够让玩家通过玩有趣的游戏就可以获得影响奖励,但不要求玩家一定要在现实生活中产生影响,就像是支付宝蚂蚁森林一样。

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Impact2Earn 往往让玩家通过游戏对自己的生活方式产生影响,同时获得财务奖励,例如上传自己在日常生活中收集垃圾的照片,获得一定的奖励。

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与 Impact2Earn 的大多数项目相比,Play4Impact 中的项目似乎具有更先进的游戏设计。这是合乎逻辑的,因为在这个类别中,玩家并不一味的追求赢得奖励,因此游戏必须具有粘性和吸引力。

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Play4Impact 游戏盘点

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Climate Guardians:Climate Guardians 将自己称为“为保护环境而玩”的游戏,它们显然属于 Play4Impact 类别。玩家参与游戏,加入部落,通过保护热带雨林来应对气候变化。玩家付费获取游戏内资产,赚取奖励的一部分会自动捐给由用户社区管理的热带雨林保护基金。

Ecosapiens:虽然 Ecosapiens 自称是 Impact2Earn 类别,但我还是将它归类为 Play4Impact 类别。然而,它又像是两种类别的混合体。在最初版本中,Ecosapiens 并没有太多明显的游戏玩法,而是用户通过 Ecosapiens 建立的碳 NFT 做出贡献,让用户“自动以全球碳市场价格购买碳,并将碳铸造为 NFT”。

Guardians of Earth:虽然该项目距离推出游戏还有很长的路要走,但我一个研究 ReFi 领域的同事向我推荐了它。Guardians of Earth 将游戏和现实生活相融合,以提高玩家对环境问题的认识。据我了解,玩家可以获得针对自然保护的影响奖励。

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Impact2Earn 游戏盘点

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AtlantisDAO:AtlantisDAO 非常巧妙地融合了图表中涉及的所有主题。寻求抵消碳排放的公司通过购买奖励代币 $AGU,在游戏中的亚特兰蒂斯“挖掘”可以抵消碳排放的 $IC,而玩家可以选择帮助公司获得$IC。作为回报,玩家将获得公司的 $AGU。

HumanDAO:HumanDAO 旨在利用加密货币来帮助满足全球近 20 亿可以访问互联网但日收入低于 20 美元的人的需求。HumanDAO 提供了两种途径,使他们的目标受众社区能够获得更多的收入。一种是 Learn2Earn (边学边赚),一种是 Play2Earn (边玩边赚)。

Into the Verse:Into the Verse 是一个基于 Celo 区块链的元宇宙平台,玩家居住在虚拟城市,拥有虚拟银行和农场。Into the Verse 更难分类,因为他们的奖励既包括具有现金价值的代币,也包括向全民基本收入 (UBI) 项目捐款的影响奖励,这表明它是影响奖励与财务奖励的混合体。

Littercoin:Littercoin 旨在提高人们对垃圾的认识,鼓励玩家对垃圾进行地理标记和拍照以及帮助收集垃圾。作为回报,玩家可以获得 Littercoin,我原以为这是一种可交易的链上代币,但该项目正式发布后我才知道,Littercoin 只能与“气候商人”交换为法定货币。

Pozzle Planet:Pozzle Planet 与 Littercoin 一样,鼓励用户参与对地球有益的活动。作为回报,用户将获得 $POZ (一种用于 pozitive 世界的虚拟货币)。

WheelCoin:WheelCoin 是一款 Move2Earn 游戏,旨在促进玩家的绿色出行。玩家将获得 $WHL 代币作为奖励,1 WHL=1kg 避免碳排放。WHL 已经可以换取绿色交通的折扣,并且很快将可用于获取 NFT。

三、风险投资和全球倡议

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2022 年 12 月,世界经济论坛启动了加密可持续发展联盟,专注于加速对 ReFi 的采用。著名的项目 X Prize 最初由埃隆·马斯克创立,旨在奖励应对气候变化的创新解决方案,现在它也正在进入 ReFi 领域。

“”

在过去的几个月里,一些新的风险基金和去中心化自治组织 (DAO) 已经启动,专注于 ReFi 领域,例如 Cerulean Ventures、AeraForce DAO、ReFi Venture Studio、Allegory、a100x、Vanagon Ventures、Possible Ventures 和 Draft Ventures。正如主流的风险资本越来越多地接受环境和社会治理 (ESG) 指标并推出以可持续发展为重点的基金一样,我相信在 2023 年我们也将开始看到更多加密风险资本部署以 ReFi 为主题的基金。

“”

四、总结

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随着 ReFi 在 2023 年升温,ReFi 项目正在涌现,这些项目旨在吸引公司和用户参与解决世界上的许多问题,同时利用加密货币来标记他们做出的贡献和经济回报。

“”

我相信 2023 年将是 ReFi 获得更多主流关注和采用的一年,切实证明加密货币有能力对现实世界产生直接影响,也有助于将 Crypto 叙事从 2022 年的“加密企业大崩盘”转变为促进更可持续的低碳经济。

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