XR设备再次缺席,苹果频繁爽约为哪般?

中国电子报Publicado a 2022-09-08Actualizado a 2022-09-08

Resumen

整体而言,被誉为“科技春晚”的苹果发布会中规中矩,特别令人遗憾的是XR硬件再次缺席发布会。

刚刚落幕的苹果2022年秋季新品发布会上,苹果发布了iPhone14系列、iWatch系列和AirPods Pro2等新品。具体来说iPhone14系列手机采用了A15/16仿生芯片运算能力大幅提升,此外产品还优化了摄像头、闪光灯和影像拍摄系统,增加了卫星通讯和SOS紧急联络、车祸监测功能;值得一提的是,iPhone 14 Pro终于摒弃了“刘海屏”,首次升级为“灵动岛药丸屏”。手表方面,苹果一口气推出了三款新品:实惠版Apple Watch SE 2、常规版Apple Watch Series 8、以及为运动爱好者打造的Apple Watch Ultra运动手表,其中Apple Watch Ultra由航空级钛金属打造,配备了精密双频 GPS、三个麦克风,在电池续航、防水和运动场景上都有更优表现。

此外,苹果还推出了第二代AirPods Pro耳机,在降噪、聆听体验、续航时间和操控方面都进行了大幅优化和升级。

整体而言,被誉为“科技春晚”的苹果发布会中规中矩,特别令人遗憾的是XR硬件再次缺席发布会。作为继iPhone之后的下一代颠覆性产品,苹果公司CEO蒂姆·库克曾用“极其重要(critically important)”来形容AR之于苹果未来的布局。出于对苹果AR的期待,人们将“苹果库克时代的代表作品”、“库克的封山之作”等头衔预支给XR硬件。从2016年开始,苹果XR硬件已经连续六年“放鸽子”。

掉进苹果预设的“氛围陷阱”

XR硬件再次缺席发布会,“被放鸽子”感强烈的果粉们非常有可能是掉进了苹果故意营造的“氛围陷阱”。

事实上,对于XR硬件,苹果表面上不动声色但是“氛围营造”的小动作不断:重金投资VR/AR 相关技术和公司、放出“10年时间AR取代iPhone”的豪言壮语、CEO库克对AR技术的频繁提及和示好、挖角科技公司高管参与XR硬件项目、知名分析师频繁披露XR硬件进展和参数信息……

苹果暗戳戳筹备XR硬件已经超过十年,其重要性不言而喻。一方面,苹果豪掷重金收购多家VR/AR相关业务公司,领域横跨仿生芯片、超宽频芯片、传感器、Micro LED屏幕、光导波、可追踪定位的空间声场技术等领域。另一方面,苹果“招兵买马”组成了千人VR/AR工程师研究团队;公开数据显示,从2010年起,苹果申请超过2000项AR/VR的相关专利, 涉及光学、交互、计算等诸多领域。

在软件方面, 苹果2017年推出AR开发平台AR Kit,并于2020年推出了App Clips,为软件生态做好铺垫。民生证券元宇宙分析师马天诣在接受《中国电子报》记者采访时表示,开发者能够利用AR Kit创建AR应用程序,而App Clips本身就包含AR的属性,未来能够让用户在现实世界中更容易、快捷地接入虚拟世界。

“产品重量、光学方案、空间定位、手部追踪、面部追踪以及眼球追踪等多项功能,苹果在这些核心技术和指标上表现出较高的水平,同时芯片与系统也是苹果独有的,这些都是让消费者充满期待的原因。”GfK中国科技事业部总监刘艳接受《中国电子报》记者采访时表示。

此次苹果秋季发布会前一个月,XR设备的新消息明显增加:苹果XR设备可能名为“Reality One”或“Reality Pro”、苹果正在为其头显设备申请多项“Reality”商标、美国专利商标局官网释放了更多苹果XR技术专利、从三星“挖角”首席WebXR专家 Ada Rose Cannon……一位VR从业者对记者表示:“种种新闻让人们产生了XR硬件即将发布的错觉。或许苹果非常擅长在期待阈值被拉满之际,让人们一次又一次希望破灭,对XR硬件就越发期待。”

一拖再拖只为“一鸣惊人”

对于XR硬件的发布一再拖延,并不能完全归因为苹果的故弄玄虚,工业设计、软件、硬件性能和供应链都成为影响XR硬件未能如期发布的“绊脚石”。

早在2018年,媒体就披露计算能力不足成为苹果XR头显研发的难题,行业另有猜测说,由于与处理器计算能力相关的散热问题造成今年XR硬件延迟发布;作为一款贴身的穿戴式设备,工业设计要求也成为了苹果需要解决的问题,业界透露苹果一直在测试最佳的工业设计方案。

天风国际分析师郭明錤透露,苹果XR设备将配备由4nm/5nm工艺生产的双CPU,运算能力领先竞争对手产品2-3年。赛迪智库无线电研究所高级咨询师钟新龙告诉《中国电子报》记者,苹果双“芯”设计的确是业界领先的,产品散热的问题也可以通过固件调试和功耗控制程序来调试,苹果应该已经在不断改善这些问题。

“苹果XR硬件的发布一拖再拖,非常有可能是因为产品形态没有足够‘颠覆’和‘舒服’。”钟新龙分析认为,目前主流的XR硬件的特征:都是头戴式设备、重量都很有存在感、以高通的XR2芯片平台为主。“苹果更希望在物理呈现和人体综合体验上给人耳目一新的感觉,不仅明显区别于竞争对手,还要大幅度领先于竞争对手。毕竟消费者拿到XR硬件,并不会直接感受到芯片和软件的巨大变化,而是会去触摸、佩戴和感受,产品外观和体验感受上的冲击对于消费者来说是最重要的。”

根据消息,苹果的XR硬件确实不想走寻常路。知情人士和媒体猜测,苹果的头戴设备可能是一种同时支持AR与VR的创新MR产品,此产品可在使用过程中无缝切换AR与VR以提供创新体验。近期,产业链人士披露了其具体硬件数据,Apple Reality XR硬件重量约150-200克,将配备3000 PPI的硅基显示器、16GB DRAM、两个M1级SoC和13个摄像头模块,售价2500 美元~3000 美元之间。无论是两个SoC还是13个摄像头模块,都与市场上主流XR产品的配置产生了较大的差异化。

苹果“后来居上”的底气

在元宇宙概念的加持下,XR硬件设备的市场竞争已经愈演愈烈。Meta、Pico已经先后发布多款VR产品,三星、谷歌等厂商也在积极布局AR产品,Nreal、Rokid、雷鸟创新等中国厂商已经发售消费级AR眼镜,开始攻城略地。显然苹果已经“掉队”,国际研究机构IDC数据显示,2022年第一季度,Meta Quest2市场份额已经达到90%,微软也稳坐MR/AR市场份额第一宝座。

苹果在XR硬件领域“掉队”之时,竞争对手仍在持续攻城略地。近日,Meta CEO扎克伯格确认,将于10月11日召开年度VR大会Connect,或将发售最新XR硬件:Project Cambria。加入字节跳动一年后,Pico也将于近期发售两款VR一体机新品——Pico 4和Pico 4 Pro。索尼计划2023年发售最新的VR一体机——PlayStation VR2.此外,谷歌最新的AR眼镜原型机已经进入实测阶段、三星近日也宣布正在研究AR可穿戴设备……

“苹果公司在进入新市场时经常采取更有耐心的做法,等待一个颠覆创新的机会,那么在新市场成功的可能性就会增加。”马天诣告诉记者,苹果对XR硬件产品的期待是“一鸣惊人”。回想苹果在2007年进入手机市场之时,诺基亚和黑莓早已占据市场霸主地位数年,因此苹果AR/VR硬件的暂时“缺席”不一定就代表着落后。

提升实用性或将成为苹果XR硬件市场表现成功与否重要条件。回顾苹果近几年推出的新品类,如AirPods和iWatch都是在其他品牌发售类似产品之后,“迟到”的苹果都成为品类的引领者。GfK高级分析师侯林告诉记者:“苹果从未将新品类当成一个独立零件推出,努力找到与其他苹果产品的连接,解决消费者痛点。”这成为苹果新品类的成功秘诀。

近期,“苹果上周向董事会成员展示了其即将推出的XR设备”的消息不胫而走,其产品似乎已经进入最后的“小修小补”阶段。天风国际分析师郭明錤预计,苹果即将于2023年发布XR设备。不知明年“鸽王”苹果XR硬件是否又要爽约?

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