DAO应当是完全自治和去中心化的,但它们真的做到了吗?

Cointelegraph中文Publicado a 2022-03-07Actualizado a 2022-03-07

Resumen

大多数DAO协议仍处于构建更成熟的DAO的早期阶段。

去中心化自治组织(DAO)真的去中心化了吗?让我们看看它们为何在实现这一目标时困难重重。

DAO


虽然去中心化自治组织(DAO)的组织结构从根本上说应当是“去中心化的”,但包括Uniswap在内的一些最大的DAO协议并非如此。DAO内部的很多日常活动仍然需要组织中的少数核心成员来做出重大决定。这就提出了一个问题,即DAO是否完全去中心化。如果不是,那么完全去中心化是否可能?

DAO

图:DAO的组织结构
更广泛地说,DAO可以与民主国家的运行方式相比较。虽然从意识形态上说,人民为国家做决定,但国家依然主要由少数有权势的人管理,他们掌握着决定法律和控制决策的大部分许可。DAO同样类似于大型组织,股东被允许投票,但关键政策是由董事会决定的。
DAO的不同之处在于,它们拥有比传统组织更有吸引力的品质。例如,如果任何人在传统组织内有一个想法,这个想法在到达高层之前必须先经过一个经理。在DAO中,由于结构扁平,没有等级制度,每个人都可以对提案采取行动。
社区成员聚集在一起,对有助于协议未来运作的提案进行投票,一旦提案被同意,就会在智能合约中执行。在这种社区合作下,由于激励措施,同意有利于协议的提案符合DAO内每个人的最佳利益。一个吸引更多用户的协议会推高代币的价值,这也是代币持有人所希望的。
尽管看上去似乎实现了完全去中心化,然而现实是,要实现完全去中心化有很大难度。
为什么DAO项目仍难以实现完全的自治
DAO协议在实现完全自治的道路上困难重重,因为实现完全的去中心化是具有挑战性的,原因也很充分。
决策者上身没有负担足够的责任,这让核心创始团队对于一个任何人都可以控制决策的系统无法充分信任。依靠一个不承担直接后果的大社区会在集体内部造成紧张局面,导致决策过程的缓慢,反过来会影响整个公司。

DAO

今天,几乎所有传统的处在早期阶段的创业公司都只有很少的决策者。这主要是因为在最初的成长阶段,一个错误的决定可以大大影响一个公司的成长,这也让许多早期阶段的创始人对核心团队的成员选择极为小心。在这种情况下,创始人可以快速决策、迅速行动。然而,DAO违背了这一原则,它强调共识和社区投票的重要性。
DAO的主要特质之一是它是一个由社区领导的组织,考虑的是可能的短期收益。在这种情况下,创始人需要相信社区本身有能力基于长期目标和愿景做出正确的决定。总的来说,加入DAO社区没有绝对的限制或责任,这使得核心团队无法信任每个人的意图。因此,对于一些协议,需要一个更严格的招募过程,以确保新DAO成员的正直性。
去中心化需要分阶段进行
如果DAO要保持其本质,即社区能够平等地做出决定,那么去中心化就需要分阶段进行。不过,给出一定程度的控制是必要的,以便组织能够维持共同的繁荣。虽然参与的社区应该被赋予提出建议和决策的权力,但可能需要能够有效维护公司核心价值的把关人或理事会。
大多数成功的DAO,比如Uniswap、MakerDAO、PieDAO、Decred等等,都有不同的把关系统,提案在被接受之前要经过不同的阶段。例如在Uniswap的治理协议中,任何提案被接受之前都会有多个执行阶段。在其最后阶段,一组投票选举出来的用户有权利终止执行任何他们认为是恶意的或不必要的建议。相比之下,MakerDAO有一个更开放的社区,人们不需要持有他们的代币来参与链外投票。不过,它的提案会经过严格的审查。
社区是DAO的根本,DAO朝着不完全依赖核心团队的结构发展是至关重要的。目前,投票是与社区成员互动的重要环节。但是,未来的协议必须更加注重社区成员的参与以及与开发者一起协作。
只有朝向“完全去中心化”的理想一步步迈进,我们才更有可能实现这一目标,而非一开始就一头扎进去,死守那些原则。DAO是一种新的企业形式,我们需要边走边学,适应这种形式。正是由于这个原因,如果我们想让DAO成为我们日常经营活动的主流,我们就要做得正确。
构建共同繁荣
大多数DAO协议仍处于构建更成熟的DAO的早期阶段。Shapeshift是一个很好的例子,这家公司是一个全球交易的加密货币平台,它“打散”了自己的架构,使其变得更加去中心化。
构建共同繁荣,让每个人都能积极参与组织的运作,这一想法离现实还很远。尽管如此,DAO代表了一场革命,在这场革命中,控制权被分散开来。DAO也代表了一个平台,人们可以用一种透明和有效的方式实现共同繁荣的平台。为了实现这个浪漫的想法,仍然需要做更多的工作,但通过不断学习并在沿途采取新的措施,DAO可以实现完全去中心化。
本文不包含投资意见或建议。每项投资和交易行动都涉及风险,读者在做决定时应进行自己的研究。

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