对话 Pantera 合伙人 Paul Veradittakit: 那些熊市中的崩溃与机遇

吴说区块链Publicado a 2022-08-10Actualizado a 2022-08-10

Resumen

Pantera 是区块链行业规模最大、历史最早的 VC 之一,目前基金规模达到 50 亿美金,它同时也是 Terra 的重要投资者。

Pantera 是区块链行业规模最大、历史最早的 VC 之一,目前基金规模达到 50 亿美金,它同时也是 Terra 的重要投资者。本次对话中我们与 Pantera 合伙人 Paul Veradittakit、SynFutures 创始人 Rachel 讨论了宏观经济形势、熊市中的投资机遇、Meta 新公链以及 3AC Babel Terra 等崩溃的原因,其中有一些颇为精彩的论述。

Colin:你怎么看最近的市场行情?

Paul :17 年牛市主要是由 1CO 模式下的散户资金所驱动。而 21 年这轮牛市,主要是由机构投资者主导的,越来越多的机构资本已经进入这个领域,甚至有养老基金。对于行情下跌,本质是资金的止盈流出,以及我们此前从未经历过在经济衰退背景下的下跌周期,目前行情与美联储政策和全球宏观经济紧密相连,但是我觉得大部分利空预期已经得到了充分定价,市场的转折点不一定得等到比特币减半,毕竟有点遥远。以太坊合并或许能够成为这个转折点,让币圈行情与全球宏观形势脱钩。在前期恐慌抛售砸出以太坊 $800 的底部后,我们很大一部分人真的觉得可能已经触底了,合并和其他一些因素可能会推动行情上涨,当然过程的波动性在所难免。

Rachel:我的职业生涯开始于对宏观的研究。我同意 Paul 的观点,目前许多价格行为都与美联储的决定密切相关。目前美国名义中性利率接近美联储6月设定的目标,油价下跌等缓解通货膨胀的价格压力,衰退的担忧也是有的。我认为美国的负债表与十年前的情况非常不同,无法承受那么长时期的高利率。从好的方面来说,我认为最坏的情况似乎已经过去,Web2 机构和希望进入该领域的人们在增加,所以可能加密行业有机会早于一般市场的复苏。

Colin:你认为以太坊合并会成功发生吗,会带来什么影响?

Paul :我认为它能够按时进行,即使延迟也会在9月之后不久续上。大多数时候开发者们只会给你一个模糊的时间段,他们不喜欢承诺一个确定的日期。但是,我认为这一次可能能够看到相对确定日期的曙光。以太坊合并是十分重要的,能够让人们更多地参与,同时还会减少供应量,因为人们会想要参与质押获得收益。合并过后的以太坊将吸引更多的开发者和消费者用户,进一步带动生态繁荣。

Colin :你认为矿工支持的 ETC 或者 ETHW 会成功吗?

Rachel :只要有矿工、交易所、用户等等支持其实都可以成功分叉,这也是开放区块链的美丽。但我对它是否会成长为一个非常成功的公链确实有一些疑问。BTC的分叉BCH,即使当时有这么多的支持,也不是一件容易的事。今天对以太分叉的支持比BTC分叉要少得多。其次,与比特币不同,以太坊有一个庞大的生态系统,其中有 DeFi、NFT、游戏的存在。如何说服所有生态系统的建设者转向那个方向?我对此确实有很多疑问。

Colin :当下 VC 似乎对投资比较谨慎,尽管大量的基金都完成了巨额募资,你怎么看?

Paul:现在有比以往更多的基金已经筹集资金。而这些基金中的大多数仍将以种子轮和A轮为目标。即使在这个熊市中,我们也看到许多连续创业的企业家和许多Web2企业家加入。很多人都在尝试进入早期的种子轮,我应该说是100万到500万美元之间,对于那些在这种规模和估值附近融资的公司来说,上升空间是存在的。随着行情稳定,我们将开始看到越来越多的A轮和B轮交易。Pantera在做什么?我们现在非常关注种子轮,通常是围绕着像DeFi和基础设施这样的领域。在上一轮熊市,我们是波卡的第二大投资者。

我们对DeFi非常感兴趣。随着行业在市场规模的增长中逐渐成熟,我们可能开始在应用程序层中进行更多的研究。随着这个领域变得越来越全球化,将开始看到很多在美国已经成功并建立了基础设施的公司类型开始在国外出现。因此,我认为在 CeFi 和 DeFi 方面的托管和交易方面仍有创新空间,也许是 KYC 和 REGTECH(监管科技)。可以预见会有越来越多的需求,比如说获得更多的信息,也许更多的客户数据。所以我认为需要为一个受监管的世界做准备,或者现在开始看到更多的机构投资者进入这个领域。他们将需要更多数据来做出决策。链上和链下有很多数据,因此可以将它们放在一起,并可能将其与信用等类似的东西联系起来。

我认为碎片化数据块将变得越来越重要,当然,我认为会有很多不同的市场被区块链颠覆。在美国看到的很多东西在亚洲/东南亚也存在。我们也对面向消费者的产品感兴趣,我们最近投资了一家名为 Optic 的公司,类似于 NFT 界的 Chainalysis。如果 NFT 将发展壮大,它们就肯定会有交易市场和衍生品市场,这时候用户需要能够辨别持有的 NFT 的真伪,这种类型的基础设施工具就可以真正帮助项目发展前进。对了,还有保险领域。保险将成为另一个巨大的市场。

Colin :你怎么看目前比较火爆的 Meta 系公链(Apots\Sui等)?

Paul :他们也许正在纳入一些技术,特别是围绕敏感数据、金融数据之类的。我所接触的开发人员,对使用Move与Rust或Solidity相比感到有点兴奋。因此,那里有一些东西可能会取得一些进展。我们还没有开始接触,这将是一场艰苦的战斗,我们想等待一下,看生态系统如何发展。但现阶段,新公链其实很难走出来获得市场注意,不过 Meta 系公链倒有两个特点:它们的隐私性更强,特别是一些涉及敏感数据\金融数据的项目用例,这一特性就十分加分;其二是它们的开发语言 Move,我问过一些开发者对该语言的使用体验,大部分都表示相对比 Rust\Solidity 更有惊喜感。虽然我认为市场已经进入了新公链的尾部行情阶段,但是我认为它们还是有些潜力的,尽管竞争艰难。Pantera 的资金目前没有它们的风险敞口,因为鉴于这种新公链尾部行情,我们倾向于多等等看看生态如何发展,如果数据显示生态具备吸引力,时机成熟,我们肯定会把握机会。

Rachel :我们也非常关注。从建设者角度,进入一个新生态需要大量资源以及时间成本,需要观察网络生态是否能够吸引用户,因此,要吸引建设者入驻,必须要有巨大的吸引力,要么是生态环境用户基础,要么是有巨大的激励。目前 L1 已经十分火热,以太坊生态繁荣并且远远领先与其他 L1。而且,公链的设计本质是针对不可能三角形的权衡,需要在技术上有重大突破,否则必须付出很多努力才能得到新的采用。

Colin :Pantera 是 Terra 的投资者,并且在 LUNA 崩盘前售出了 80% 的持仓,能展开说说吗?

Paul :最初我们押注于团队,以及他们过去围绕支付所做的事情。后来他们有点转移到更多地关注 DEFI,包括 Anchor 等。运气也会影响这里的任何投资。对我们来说,我们没有预见到 Terra 的后续发展态势。这是我们所有人都无法预测的事情之一。很明显对于我们所有人来说,这是一个教训。还有 Celsius和 3AC,从更深入的尽职调查到风险控制再到透明度,这就是为什么 DeFi 与过去发生的一些事情相比真的非常酷。不过,最终我们都会作为一个生态系统共同进步。

Paul :我们认识 3AC,不过在业务上没有交集,不是因为我们认为他们不聪明,只是从来没有真正适合我们一起合作的事情。他们的风险敞口超过了他们的可承受范围。从我在公众上看到的情况来看,是非常不幸的,尤其是对于一些客户而言。

Colin :3AC失败原因和Babel Finance类似么, 2020年312事件时,借贷行业也曾经面临巨大危机,为什么Babel Finance如今再一次崩溃?

Rachel:根据我们的理解,3AC投资于 GBTC 和 UST,然后也是冒险大量采用杠杆,市场大幅下跌,出现清算。这与 Babel Finance 和其他公司相似。

如果你问我对此的看法以及为什么 Babel 再次崩溃,你总是可以将所有这些归咎于他们对牛市过于乐观,以及业界一直在谈论的鲁莽和缺乏风险管理等等。但事实是,这是人性的一部分,人性贪婪的一面,被不对称的激励结构放大。

这不仅存在于加密行业。08 年雷曼兄弟倒闭的金融危机那时,大家已经开始谈论这些从业者的激励结构。如果你冒很大的风险,你可能有机会赢得巨额奖金。但如果你失败了,那么惩罚大部分情况下只是失去了奖励或当前工作,然后可能很快开始另一个职业。这就是不对称的激励结构。Babel Finance曾经失败过,但很快能重新开始。在 Basis Cash 的前车之鉴后,又有了Terra,人们习惯了特别是在新兴的加密行业,失败没关系,尤其对原本没有什么可失去的,你马上可以开始另一个。但是一旦你冒更多风险,你很容易获得大量的名声、财富甚至一切。因此,最终导致每个人承担更多风险的是内在的激励结构。我在 DeFi 领域并相信 DeFi。但是如果你问这个问题怎么办,我会说单纯DeFi本身不是最终的解决方案。DeFi的透明度可信度可以为行业带来很多好东西,但它只是达到目的的一种手段,而不是目的本身。要让你解决这些类型的激励结构,你确实需要依赖某种反人性的规范。不是单指政府法规,还包括行业本身的自我监管。比如说,类似在传统金融里的要求留出一定的资金作为风险储备,你可以做什么以及如何保护用户有一些限制。所以我想说,随着行业的发展,某些类型的监管,无论是权威监管还是行业自我监管,都将出现,DeFi 和其他类似区块链技术的透明度将有助于监管到位,然后朝着一个更广泛的方向发展,展示出更健康的金融体系。

Rachel :我有一个问题要问保罗。我也很好奇你是如何做出退出 Terra 头寸的决定的。

Paul:第一,只是围绕风险的资金管理。我认为,当你看到一个仓位上升到那么高,价格已经超出了基本面的价值,那么你就会评估相应的仓位规模是否有意义,然后了解它在整个投资组合中的集中度,最终决定减少一点风险敞口。但是,这个过程其实不是像精确科学,反而有点类似于一种艺术。

Rachel :在这些年的市场起伏中,您对项目和建设者在这种市场条件下有什么建议吗?

Paul : 我认为现在在熊市期间,确实是建设的最佳时机。你的员工不会再喜欢从交易或投机中赚大钱,每个人都专注于建设,努力让产品适应市场,或者努力从根本上实现盈利。这意味着,对 B2B 的关注可能比对 B2C 的关注更多,然后真正尝试找出其他方式来建立曝光率。建立团队和项目基础,特别是围绕支持下一个牛市的产品。如果您是交易所,请确保您可以支持有望在下一个牛市期间出现的下一波用例,并确保客户支持和所有这些东西都达到标准。

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