对话神鱼:如何长期持有好资产?卖飞后如何再重仓?

链捕手Publicado a 2024-11-19Actualizado a 2024-11-19

整理:E2M Research

 

本篇内容整理自 E2M Research 每周五的 space《猜想与反驳》。

《猜想与反驳》这本书让 E2M Research 的几位主讲人收获很多,我们希望读书不仅局限于读,更能将其好的思想应用于实践乃至我们自己的投资案例里进行验证。

诚如我们所相信的:世界上有很多的事情,并不是非黑即白,有很多「第三方思想」存在,鼓励着我们不断寻找更好的解释、鼓励大家一起大胆猜想积极反驳小心求证落地生活。

最近行情涨势不错,如何长期持有好资产?卖飞后如何再重仓?值得再次讨论,嘉宾们也通过自己的行业经验来交流讨论。

完整音频:

https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episodes/673b43ef43dc3a43879d5cb8

要点精选

  • 神鱼 推特 @bitfish1

好资产的维度是根据当下的认知做远期的判断,如果它的发展曲线和未来的增长趋势和关键拐点在当下已经满足了,那就会被放到好资产的篮子里面和其他资产对比。

最后核心问题是发现好资产之后怎么去长期持有?

拿住,这里需要强调的核心点不是理性层面,更多的是心理层面,所以我们需要在还理性的时候设立一些方式和规则,确保自己 fomo 状态时还能保持相对的理性。

怎么去构建这套架构?

这里不得不提到那套「仓位管理大法」,需要把资产池分成四个池子:

第一个是冷钱包,主要用来囤币,制造各种各样的障碍让你很难触及,把核心资产放在里面,大概会放 60% 以上的资产。

第二个是温钱包,所谓的温钱包这套系统主要是用来 manage 资产,并能够比较安全稳健的提供现金流,让我们在极端悲观的情况下提供比较稳定的心态,大概会放 20% ~ 30%。

第三个是热钱包,主要用来消费,用投机资产来试试错,做产品的尝试体验,对未来判断是不是好资产提供经验,大概百分之几的资产规模甚至可能更少。如果这个钱包真的因为投机消费资产规模变大,立刻就把它划到温钱包或对应的冷钱包里。

剩下一个是法币钱包,这里面有个小的原则是 4% 原则:法币钱包里的资产规模的 4% 是等于年支出。假设前面的那几个钱包遭受了意外,法币钱包产生的定存利息或者国债利息基本上能 cover 日常生活,这基本上可以说是生活储备和隔离资产。

  • Zhen Dong 推特 @zhendong2020

如果现在持有 Crypto 资产或特斯拉,需要更多理解类似于像复杂系统进化论或非线性增长以及创新扩散等模型。因为如今的互联网时代,我们能看到的信息传播或者知识传播的速度、效率、成本都比几十年前有了指数性的增长。

对于好资产的理解首先得需要一定的基础知识,妨碍很多人持有好资产的一个很重要的原因是,现在大多数人对于长期持有有错误的认知,或者长期持有好资产最大的敌人是对于短期交易的热衷,很多人会把长期持有和短期交易两个混在一起。

波普尔说什么是最重要的呢?最重要的是更多的理智谦逊。

如何分析什么是好的资产?应该不断做正期望的、好的投资决策,这些决策有长期的复利性,而不是做重复打螺丝的无用功。而谦逊意味着知道有可能犯错,一旦意识到自己犯了错就不断更改、调整。

  • Odyssey 推特 @OdysseysEth

长期持有好资产有两个关键点:一个认识,另一个叫长期。认识又分为两个认识:一个是理性上认识,另一个是情绪的认识。怎么认识的呢?在买的时候构建的那些东西,在卖的时候它同时也会是在认知层面跟情绪层面同时生效。买的时候怎么构建呢?这就是怎么样去理解好资产的问题。

认知构建的过程它会有好几个点,在卖出的时候一定会全部都起到作用。

第一个点是不会去问那些早期资产,因为它们都没有卖过临界点,如果一开始就看不懂那自然就不会去碰,后面也不会去卖出。如果进入的时候就已经过了临界点,再去看的时候精力会更加专注,理解会非常之深。

第二个点是多维度去思考跟验证垄断性。如果是因为垄断才买,那么卖出的理由就只会是垄断消失或者出现了更好的垄断者。这个对称完全可以构建出来,理解垄断过程中会使得我们更加丰富的去理解用户的需求以及总体潜在市场等等,这个过程会带来大量的理性构建跟情绪构建。

好资产长期持有会有两个方面:

一个方面是赚到认知内的钱。一开始就想清楚了长期产品路线图,并且也达到了长期产品路线图,那这时就应该卖吗?不一定,有的人的确可以赚得到这部分钱,但是运气不好的那部分人就赚不到认知之外的钱。

另一方面钱往往很有可能是非线性的,超越所有人一开始的认知,作为投资人要能够承接得住这部分的惊喜,不用开局 10 年前有限的理性的大脑去预测未来,而是能够去构建出这个不对称性去承接未来的好处。怎么样去承接未来的好处呢?拥有资产之后能够认识到它的特性,承认它是个好资产并且相信它能够好的超出想象。

卖出后怎么样再重仓呢?其实更多的是心理问题,当然也包含认知问题,认知方面就等于如果是随着垄断而加仓,在这个心态基础上那自然而然便不会在意之前价格是高还是低,因为随着垄断的加仓此时早已和价格解耦。重新再去重仓最关键是曾经卖出过,对几乎所有人而言改错是非常疼痛的。很多人以为投资仅仅是投资,其实不是,投资背后隐含一种证明自己的欲望或者是解决生活当前困扰的欲望。很多时候要做出好的投资决策,要先解决这层欲望或者背后心理问题本身。如果一开始是被某种很强烈的欲望裹挟,那很难做出理性的投资决策。

  • Q、为什么要建立仓位管理这套系统?

我统计过我在交易上做的一些比较重大的决策,胜率也只有 40% 出头不超过 45%,所以后来我在做重大决策时会写决策日志,分析当时的各种情况及当时自己的情绪,再分析下对世界的发展的认知,对这个事件未来的判断,为什么做这样的决策以及会不会后悔,过六个月或一年再来 review 一下。

最后会发现世界是未知的,我们对这个真实世界的建模和理性是有限的,在建模的过程中必须保证自己有开放的心态和大脑。

有些很痛的错误这些错误本质上是这个真实世界给我们的信息,往往决定一个人能不能成长关键是说真实世界给到真实有效的反馈和信息时,不要陷入到那些情绪中,并且在事后能够去 review、思考、迭代。( 神鱼 推特 @bitfish1)

  • Q、发现好资产和卖飞后再重仓哪个更难?

重仓本身就比找到好资产更难,身边很多持有比特币的人获取了一部分利润之后就卖掉了,很少有人卖掉之后还能够在买回来,就不要再谈重仓买回来了。重仓是把很大的比例资产投入到资产类型里面去,这本身就是个有挑战的事情。

当初买特斯拉的时候虽然已经研究了很多,但发现真的去买时依然还是买不下去,就只能买到一个绝对值,所以会发现人性对这种大的数字是有一点点不适应,包括以前打德州的时候也发现筹码绝对值的增长是会带来心理压力,虽然从资产占比的角度看没多少,但是那个绝对值还是会不由自主的跟平常的支出去做对比。

卖飞后再重仓更难的点在于面对错误,认错它不仅仅是认错就行了,它是个需要对自己的很多底层逻辑进行重构的过程。其次是很多时候对错误的态度也是个问题,因为有时会把它跟个人形象联系起来,认为认识错误之后很丢人。一些普通人会认为犯错是可耻的,但是很多聪明的人会认为没有改错能力更可耻。

波普尔的那套科学哲学的框架也是解毒药,能够从哲学层面去了解整个人类就是靠这些错误在前行,创建新知识的唯一手段就是猜想与反驳,在这里面把那些错误的猜想淘汰掉,最终剩下来的猜想才是相对正确的。意味着犯错误的过程是即使不可避免,但也是我们能找到新知识的唯一的路径。(Peicai Li 推特 @pcfli)

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