Coinbase迈向全球的合规路径:从美国到欧洲及亚太地区的全面布局

币界网Publicado a 2024-08-15Actualizado a 2024-08-15

币界网报道:

来源:AiYing Compliance

Coinbase近日宣布,夏威夷居民现在可以通过其平台购买、出售和管理加密货币,并可进行资产质押和国际资金转账。这一举措得益于夏威夷商务和消费者事务部金融机构司(DFI)最近作出的监管变更,为加密货币公司提供了更明确的指导。根据《The Block》的数据显示,Coinbase在2023年7月的加密货币交易量接近640亿美元。

此前,Coinbase曾在2017年退出夏威夷市场,原因是当时的监管政策要求公司为持有的比特币保留一对一的现金储备。于是这项政策使得公司“无法”继续在该州运营。

然而,三年后,夏威夷金融机构(HawaiiDivisionof Financial Institutions (DFI))与夏威夷技术发展机构(Hawaii Technology Development Corporation, HTDC)合作,启动了“夏威夷数字货币创新实验室”(DCIL)这一监管沙盒计划。在这个计划中,包括Gemini、Robinhood、BlockFi在内的12家公司无需获得州级资金转移牌照,即可在夏威夷提供为期两年的加密货币服务。

尽管“夏威夷数字货币创新实验室”已于2024年6月30日结束,但加密货币公司仍然可以作为未受州级监管的企业在夏威夷继续运营,但是,这些公司将负责遵守任何适用的 联邦许可或注册要求,包括向前金融犯罪执行网络、证券交易委员会和金融行业监管权威以及任何相关的联邦监管要求涉及消费者保护、反洗钱措施等。这意味着,这些公司在进行数字货币交易时,仍需依照联邦法规进行合规运营。

一、美国层面的合规工作

据Aiying艾盈了解Coinbase在美国的合规性非常全面,并且持有多种关键牌照,使其能够在各州和联邦层面合法运营。以下是Coinbase目前在美国的主要合规情况和所持有的牌照:

  1. 资金转移许可证(MTL):Coinbase在美国的大多数州都持有资金转移许可证。这些许可证涵盖了美元的现金余额和转账,在某些州也适用于加密货币的余额和转账,比如纽约州(需要BitLicense,同时适用于加密货币)、华盛顿州、康涅狄格州、明尼苏达州。不过有些州对加密货币业务并不要求资金转移许可证,比如德克萨斯州、蒙大拿州。

  2. Money Services Business(MSB)注册:Coinbase在美国财政部的金融犯罪执法网络(FinCEN)注册为“Money Services Business”,这意味着它必须遵守包括《银行保密法》和《美国爱国者法案》在内的多项金融服务和消费者保护法律。

  3. BitLicense:Coinbase是最早获得纽约州金融服务局(NYDFS)颁发的BitLicense的公司之一。这一许可证允许它在纽约州合法经营加密货币业务。

  4. 商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)Coinbase最近获得了商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)的批准,可以在美国为合格的客户提供受联邦监管的加密货币期货交易。

二、全球性的合规工作

据Aiying了解除美国之外之外Coinbase在全球范围内已经采取了多项合规措施,并获得了多个关键的牌照,以确保其在不同司法管辖区内的合法运营。以下是Coinbase在全球主要市场的合规情况和所持牌照:

     1.英国

  • Coinbase在英国由金融行为监管局(FCA)授权,根据《2011年电子货币条例》发放电子货币(e-money)并提供支付服务。这意味着Coinbase在英国可以合法提供包括加密货币交易在内的各种金融服务。

    2.欧盟

    • 爱尔兰注册为电子货币机构,并由爱尔兰中央银行监管。通过这一注册,Coinbase能够在整个欧盟地区提供加密货币交易和相关服务。爱尔兰的注册也使Coinbase在欧盟的运营符合《欧盟第五反洗钱指令》(5AMLD)的要求。

    • 德国获得了德国联邦金融监管局(BaFin)的许可,这使其能够在德国合法提供加密货币交易和托管服务。BaFin是德国的主要金融监管机构,负责监管该国的银行、金融服务提供商、保险公司和加密货币企业等

    • 获得了法国金融市场管理局(AMF)的许可,可以在法国提供数字资产服务。这包括加密货币交易、托管和支付服务。AMF是法国的主要金融监管机构,负责监督和监管金融市场及其参与者。

    • 意大利注册为加密货币服务提供商,并获得了该国金融监管机构的批准。意大利的合规要求包括反洗钱(AML)和客户身份验证(KYC)等措施

    • 荷兰,Coinbase通过荷兰中央银行(DNB)的注册,获得了在该国运营的许可。这使得Coinbase能够提供加密货币交易和托管服务,并且必须遵守荷兰严格的金融监管规定。

    • 西班牙通过了当地金融监管机构的审核,获得了在西班牙市场合法运营的许可。西班牙的监管框架要求加密货币服务提供商遵守反洗钱和数据保护法规。

    随着《加密资产市场法规》(MiCA)即将于2024年6月30日生效各成员国正调整各自的法规和监管框架以符合MiCA标准。一些国家已开始为MiCA的实施培训监管人员,并建立支持新法规执行的技术基础设施。欧洲市场对加密行业的监管标准也会趋向统一,无需多国申请,从而减少很多Wed3机构的当下高昂的合规成本。

    3.新加坡

    • Coinbase在新加坡受新加坡金融管理局(MAS)的监管,并已申请《支付服务法案》(Payment Services Act)下的许可,这将允许其在新加坡合法提供包括加密货币交易在内的支付服务。

    4.日本

      • Coinbase在日本获得了金融服务管理局(FSA)的许可,可以在日本提供加密货币交易服务。这是由于日本对加密货币的监管极为严格,获得这一许可意味着Coinbase在该市场的运营完全合规。

      5.澳大利亚

        • Coinbase在澳大利亚注册为数字货币兑换服务提供商,受澳大利亚交易报告和分析中心(AUSTRAC)的监管。这一注册使其能够在澳大利亚合法提供加密货币兑换和其他相关服务。

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