经历全球巨震的一周后,本周也不轻松

marsbitPublicado a 2024-08-11Actualizado a 2024-08-12

8 月的第二交易周,全球资本市场经历剧烈震荡。展望本周,全球市场依旧难以平静。

首先,美国将于8月13日公布7月PPI、于8月14日公布7月CPI,于8月15日公布7月零售销售数据。其次,随着美国大选日期临近,美联储又将处于风暴中心。第三、日本将公布二季度GDP,日元套息交易必将再起波澜。

美国将公布CPI数据  

美国将于8月13日公布7月PPI,于8月14日公布7月CPI,这将是美联储9月利率决议前公布的倒数第二份CPI报告。

市场预期,美国7月份的通胀率可能会温和上升,但不足以影响美联储下个月普遍预期的降息。

美国

目前,市场预期,美国7月CPI无论是整体数据,还是不包括食品和能源的所谓核心指标,预计都将较6月份上升0.2%。

6月份的消费者价格指数(CPI),较5月份下降0.1%。美国6月未季调CPI同比升3.0%,至去年6月以来最低水平。6月未季调核心CPI年率录得3.3%,低于市场预期的3.4%,为2021年4月以来的最低水平。

本周,家得宝和沃尔玛还将公布零售销售数据和收益报告,投资者因此可以交叉印证美国消费者的状况。消费占美国经济的三分之二,对就业市场很敏感。

正处于风暴中心的美联储

当地时间8月9日,美联储公布了2025年、2026年和2027年1月的联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)会议的暂定时间表。美联储坚持每年举行八次会议的传统日程安排。

上周,美联储已经处于舆论中心。一方面,美联储将利率维持在高位的时间已经超过12个月。上周,市场期待美联储紧急降息,另一方面美联储也面临前所未有的政治压力。

共和党总统候选人特朗普上周表示,当美联储就利率做出决定时,他应该有发言权。

特朗普在佛罗里达州举行的新闻发布会上说:“我觉得总统至少应该在这方面有发言权。是的,我有强烈的感受。我认为就我而言,我赚了很多钱,我非常成功,我认为在许多情况下,我的直觉比美联储或主席的直觉要好。”

此前,特朗普坚持认为他和鲍威尔“相处得很好”,尽管他的团队正在考虑的部分变化包括解雇鲍威尔,或者至少在2026年主席任期届满时不再任命他。

民主党总统候选人哈里斯在亚利桑那州则回应称:“美联储是一个独立的实体,作为总统,我永远不会干涉美联储做出的决定。”

美联储从2022年3月至2023年7月将基准利率上调了5.25个百分点,以降低通胀。特朗普总体上支持降低利率,并经常批评美联储在2018年加息。

美国

美联储官员经常强调央行独立于政治影响的重要性,鲍威尔一再表示,特朗普或其他官员的批评不会影响货币政策决策。

在没有政治压力的情况下,美联储理事会可以仅根据是否促进了美国经济的长期利益来做出决定,而不是选民是否赞成。

日本仍将影响全球市场

日元套息交易发生逆转,是近期市场巨震的主要原因。近年来,日元套息交易一直是一种受欢迎的交易,因为日本的低利率使日元对美元保持低价。但当日本央行在7月底实施今年第二次加息,日元走强时,这一切都发生了变化。

Interactive Brokers 首席策略师Steve Sosnick表示,套息交易“规模巨大。没有人真正知道它有多大。”

目前,日本仍然是全球市场关注的焦点。

8月15日,日本第二季度GDP平减指数年率初值。市场预期,日本经济第二季度预计增长2.4%。

日本第一季度实际GDP初值同比降2.0%,预期降1.5%;环比降0.5%,预期降0.4%;第一季度名义GDP初值环比升0.1%,预期升0.2%。日本第一季度实际GDP修正值同比降1.8%, 预期降1.9%,初值降2%。

美国

日本央行副行长内田真一表示,,如果经济前景实现,将调整宽松程度,当前需要坚定地维持宽松政策;如果由于市场波动导致经济预测、风险看法和实现预期的可能性发生变化,利率路径显然会有所调整;在市场不稳定时,不会加息。

简而言之,日本公布的二季度GDP 数据,将极大地影响日本央行的利率决策,同时影响全球市场走向。

另外,市场在8月份往往更容易受到波动的影响,因为投资者会休假,交易量也会减少。

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